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Trees, evergreen or deciduous, with latex; monoecious. Stipules free, intrapetiolar or lateral, amplexicaul or not. Leaves spirally arranged or distichous; leaf blade simple to pinnatifid, rarely pinnate, leathery, margin entire. Inflorescences sometimes borne on main branches or trunk, unisexual, capitate, many-flowered. Male flowers: free, surrounded by peltate to clavate interfloral bracts; calyx tubular, slightly 2-lobed or 2-4-lobed; lobes imbricate or valvate; stamen 1, straight in bud, slightly to conspicuously exserted from calyx; anthers globose to oblong, 2-loculed; pistillode absent. Female flowers: at least partially adnate to each other and/or to interfloral bracts; calyx tubular, basally thin walled, apically thick walled and either completely fused or not; ovary free; style central or ± lateral; stigmas 1 or 2, equal or unequal. Flowers and bracts fused laterally to form a syncarp. Syncarp fleshy throughout or at least at basal portions of calyx, sometimes very large, flowers and bracts fused at their tips to form an areolate surface or free and forming variously shaped processes on surface. Seed without endosperm; cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal.
Monoecious trees with latex. Leaves alternate, distichous or spiral, simple to pinnatifid or pinnate; stipules paired. Inflorescence cauliflorous, unisexual, pedunculate, capitate; head globose, or clavate to cylindrical, without involucral bracts. Flowers numerous; perianth lobes fused to each other and between flowers to form a syncarp of several to many flowers. Male flower: stamen 1; filament straight in bud; pistillode absent. Female flower: perianth tubular, lower part thin-walled, enclosing ovary, upper part thick-walled, often connate; styles exserted through perianth lobes. Fruit a syncarp developed from 1 to many flowers. Seed large; embryo straight or slightly curved.
Trees, monoecious. Leaves in spirals; stipules fully amplexicaul, free; blade entire or pinnately incised, innately veined. Inflorescences unisexual, in the leaf axils or on the main branches and the trunk, usually with bracts. Staminate inflorescences clavate to subspicate; perianth tubular; stamens 1. Pistillate inflorescences globose to ellipsoid capitate, flowers numerous; stigmas 1-2, subulate to spathulate. Infructescences large, with a firm outer layer and a soft layer containing the fruits; seed large, without endosperm, cotyledons equal and thick.
