Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.

Jack tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Artocarpus

Characteristics

Tree up to c. 30 m tall, evergreen. Leafy twigs 2-4 mm thick, whitish puberulous (or punctate) and also brown hirtellous to (sub)hirsute, sometimes only (and sparsely) on and near the nodes, the hairs with swollen bases and sometimes uncinate, sometimes glabrous, drying dark brown to blackish; lenticels scattered, few. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina subcoriaceous, entire (or when juvenile to 3-lobate), elliptic to (sub)obovate, (4-)8-20(-27) by (1.5-)4-8(-12) cm, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse to rounded, often slightly unequally, margin entire, ± revolute; upper surface whitish puberulous and brownish strigillose on the whole surface or only on the main veins or midrib, or glabrous; lower surface whitish puberulous and brown hirtellous on the whole surface or only on the main veins, the hairs all or partly uncinate, or (becoming) glabrous, smooth; lateral veins 6-12 pairs, tertiary venation towards the margin (obliquely) scalariform or largely reticulate, slightly prominent to almost flat; petiole 0.8-3 cm long, 1-2 mm thick, brown (sub)hirsute or also whitish puberulous, the epidermis persistent; stipules fully amplexicaul, 1.5-5(-9) cm long, (sparsely) brown (sub)hirsute to hirtellous to strigillose, the hairs with ± swollen bases and some uncinate, or also whitish puberulous, caducous. Staminate inflorescences axillary or cauliflorous on slender leafy branchlets, solitary; peduncle 2.5-6 cm long, brown hirtellous, also white puberulous; head narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical to spicate, 1.5-5.5 by 0.9-1.2 cm; perianth tubular 0.7-1 mm long, the apex 2-lobed, minutely puberulous; stamen 1-1.3 mm long, anther 0.2-0.3 mm long; interfloral bracts absent. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, ramiflorous or cauliflorous on slender leafy branchlets, solitary; peduncle 1.5-6.5(-10) cm long, brown hirtellous to (retrorsely) strigillose and most hairs uncinate or also whitish puberulous; head cylindrical to subobovoid; perianth tubular, brown puberulous to subhispidulous, the apex truncate to convex; stigma simple; interfloral bracts absent. Infructescences narrowly ellipsoid to ellipsoid to ovoid (to subglobose), 15-35 by 10-15 cm, covered with 1.5-3 mm long, cylindrical to conical to pyramidate apices of the perianths; fruits ellipsoid, c. 3 cm long.
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A tree up to 20-35 m tall. The trunk can be 55 cm across. The bark is dark grey or red-brown. The twigs are 2-4 mm thick. The leaves are leathery. They are oval and 5-25 cm long by 2.5-12 cm wide. The base of the leaf tapers. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The male heads are pale green or yellow. They are finger like and 30-55 mm long by 9-12 mm wide. They are smooth. The flower stalk is 25-60 mm long. The fruit is a compound fruit. It is produced on the trunk and main branches. It can be 20-50 cm long by 10-15 cm wide. The skin is yellow to brown. There are many fleshy spines over the fruit. The flesh of the fruit is yellow to light brown, It has a slimy texture. The fruit are edible. The seeds are oblong. They are 30 mm long by 20 mm wide. They are covered in a cream slimy coat.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It suits hot, wet tropical lowlands. It needs year round moisture. It grows in the high forest in Malaysia from sea level to 1300 m altitude. In XTBG Yunnan. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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A common, sub-canopy tree in secondary forests and locally abundant in primary lowland rainforest, often on wet hillsides in Thailand. Usually found at elevations up to 450 metres, occasionally to 1,200 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The flesh is eaten raw or fried together with the seed. It is also used for pickles. Young fruit are eaten as a vegetable. They can be added to soups. The ripe seeds are boiled or roasted and eaten. The young leaves are eaten.
Uses animal food construction cooking dye eating environmental use fiber fibre fodder food gene source invertebrate food leaf vegetable material medicinal ornamental social use tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Fever (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Seed remain viable for several weeks. Plants are often grown from seed. The can be grown by budding or grafting. Light shade is essential. A spacing of 12-14 m is suitable.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 38
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Artocarpus integer habit picture by Pierre Bonnet (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Artocarpus integer leaf picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Artocarpus integer fruit picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)
Artocarpus integer fruit picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)
Artocarpus integer fruit picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Artocarpus integer world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Guinea, Hong Kong, Honduras, Indonesia, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:582622-1
WFO ID wfo-0000550504
COL ID H25Y
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Saccus champeden Saccus integer Sitodium macrocarpon Artocarpus hirsutissimus Artocarpus jaca Artocarpus pilosus Artocarpus polyphema Radermachia integra Artocarpus champeden Artocarpus integrifolius Artocarpus integer