Artocarpus nitidus Trécul

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Artocarpus

Characteristics

Tree up to 35 m tall, sometimes with buttresses, evergreen. Leafy twigs (1-)2-3(-4) mm thick, (sparsely) whitish to brownish appressedly puberulous (sometimes also retrorse uncinate hairs), smooth, drying brown (to blackish). Leaves distichous; lamina (sub)coriaceous, entire, elliptic, (3-)6-18(-33) by (1.5-)3.5-9 cm, apex acuminate with the acumen long or short, caudate, acute, obtuse (or to rounded), base cuneate to subattenuate to rounded or to subcordate, equal to ± unequal, margin entire (or crenate towards the apex, or when juvenile pinnately lobate), ± revolute (to flat); upper surface glabrous or whitish (largely) appressedly puberulous on the main veins or only on the midrib, often partly with retrorse uncinate hairs, smooth; lower surface sparsely whitish to brownish puberulous on the (main) veins (the hairs mostly appressed or some patent or retrorse and then often uncinate) to glabrous, smooth (or scabridulous); lateral veins (5-)7-10(-15) pairs, none of them forked away from the margin, tertiary venation (sub)scalariform, almost flat to slightly prominent; petiole (0.5-)8-1.5(-2.5) cm long, 1-2 mm thick, sparsely whitish to brownish appressedly puberulous (sometimes also retrorse uncinate hairs), the epidermis persistent; stipules lateral, 0.2-0.4 cm long, brownish to whitish appressedly puberulous, caducous. Staminate inflorescences axillary, solitary; peduncle1-4 mm long, densely brown to whitish puberulous; head subglobose to obovoid to narrowly ellipsoid to clavate, 2-12 by 2-5 mm; perianth 2-or 3-lobed to-parted, c. 0.6 mm long; stamen c. 0.8 mm long, anther c. 0.2 mm long; interfloral bracts (sub)peltate, the apical part c. 0.4 mm diam., puberulous. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, solitary; peduncle 1-5(-25) mm long, densely brown puberulous; head subglobose to ellipsoid; stigma simple; interfloral bracts peltate, persistent or caducous, the apical part c. 0.3 mm diam., puberulous. Infructescences subglobose, up to c. 3(-4?) cm diam., subglabrous, sparsely hairy or densely hairy (velutinous); fruits ellipsoid, c. 1 cm long.
More
Trees or small trees, to 17 m tall, straight. Bark black to brown, longitudinally fissured. Branchlets cylindric, wrinkled, 2-3 mm thick, appressed puberulent, rapidly glabrescent. Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Petiole 0.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong to ± orbicular [or ovate], 7-15 × 3-7 cm, leathery to thinly leathery, glabrous, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, young leaves with both surfaces black when dry, base cuneate, ± rounded, or blunt, margin entire or irregularly shallowly toothed, apex acute and mucronate to caudate; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially prominent. Male inflorescences capitate, obovoid, or oblong [or rodlike] 2.5-12 × 2.7-7 mm. Female inflorescences ± capitate [or ± globose]; peduncle 1.5-8 mm. Male flowers: calyx lobes 2-4, basally connate for 0.5-0.7 mm. Female flowers: calyx tubular; style exserted. Fruiting syncarp red, reddish orange, or yellow, brown when dry, ± globose, ca. (1.5-)5 cm in diam., fleshy, glabrous or sparsely covered with coarse pubescence; peduncle to 5 mm; bracts persistent. Drupes [1-6 or]10-15. Fl. Apr-May.
A large tree up to 17-30 m high. The trunk is 70 cm across. The bark is dark brown. There are cracks along it. The twigs are 1-5 mm thick. They are hairy at the beginning. They do not have ring like scars. The leaves are alternate. The leaf stalk is 0.5-2 cm long. The leaf blade in oval or oblong and 7-15 cm long by 3-7 cm wide. They are leathery. They are dark green on top and paler underneath. The male flower heads are flat and finger like and 2.5-12 mm long by 2.7-7 mm wide. The fruit are roundish. The fruit are 4-8 cm across. They are smooth with a light orange skin. They have a sweet orange pulp. There are at least 3 varieties and one at least has edible fruit. The seeds are round or oval and 8-10 mm long by 7-8 mm wide. They are covered in a bright orange coat. There may be some subspecies or one variable species. The amount of hairiness and colour of the fruit varies.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.7
Mature height (meter) 17.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An upper canopy tree in undisturbed to slightly disturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 1,500 metres. Mostly on hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in mixed forest. In Indonesia it grows up to 1600 m altitude. In XTBG Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh.
Uses eating gene source material medicinal stimulant timber wood
Edible barks fruits leaves roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Artocarpus nitidus leaf picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Artocarpus nitidus flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Artocarpus nitidus flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Artocarpus nitidus fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Artocarpus nitidus world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850420-1
WFO ID wfo-0000550549
COL ID H26Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Artocarpus griffithii Artocarpus nitidus Artocarpus parvus Artocarpus sampor Saccus nitidus Saccus lanceolatus Artocarpus borneensis Artocarpus eberhardtii Artocarpus lanceolatus Artocarpus lingnanensis Artocarpus xanthocarpus Artocarpus antiarifolius Artocarpus lamellosus Artocarpus nitidus subsp. nitidus

Lower taxons

Artocarpus nitidus subsp. borneensis Artocarpus nitidus subsp. griffithii Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis