Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

Water hyssop (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Plantaginaceae > Bacopa

Characteristics

Glabrous paludal herbs, the stems procumbent, mostly eglandular. Leaves opposite, somewhat succulent, narrowly obovate to spathulate, entire, apically rounded, basally cuneate, glandular punctate, the midvein apparent, palmately 3-nerved, the midvein evident but the 2-4 lateral veins obscure; petioles undif-ferentiated, the cuneate blades appearing slightly clasping perfoliate. Inflores-cence a solitary flower in a leaf axil, the pedicels slender but broadening upwards, becoming 1-2 cm long in fruit, with 2 sepal-like, narrow, opposite apical bracts subtending the flower. Flower 7-9 mm long, the calyx imbricate, the 2 outer bracts equal, broadly ovate deltoid, 5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, conspicuously 1-nerved, keeled, the 3 unequal inner sepals narrow, ranging from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the outer bracts; corolla tubular, ca. 8 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed %A-1/3 way down, the lobes subequal, white, pale purple or blue; stamens 4, the filaments glabrous, inserted unequally near the top of the tube, compressed, the anthers black, linear or curved, the thecae versatile, affixed near the middle, elongate, ca. 1.5 mm long and proximally connate for most of their length, little exserted; ovary narrowly oblong, ca. 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, the style discrete, ca. 4 mm long, terete, apically curved downwards, the stigma flat, slightly 2-lobed. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal to the base, the valves separating at the base, ca. 2 mm long, the placenta narrow, peglike, foveate, the septum translucent, hyaline, extending ca. 0.75 mm beyond the placenta on each side; seeds numer-ous, ca. 0.5 mm long, longitudinally reticulate, the reticulum reddish brown.
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Stems creeping and forming mats, glabrous; lvs oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, entire, 0.5–2.5 cm, with a single midvein and a few obscure pinnately disposed lateral veins; fls solitary at the nodes on pedicels 1–2.5 cm; cal subtended by a pair of linear bractlets 2–3 mm; upper sep ovate to lanceolate, ca 6 × 2.5 mm; cor white to sometimes pink or blue, campanulate, 7–10 mm, glabrous within, the 5 lobes subequal, retuse; stamens included; stigma one, shallowly bilobed; 2n=64. Wet sandy shores on the coastal plain; se. Va. to Fla. and Tex., and widespread in the tropics. All summer. (Bramia m.)
Stems creeping, rooting at nodes, succulent, glabrous. Leaves sessile, oblong-oblanceolate, 0.8-2 cm X 3-6 mm, margin entire or rarely dentate, apex rounded. Flowers axillary. Pedicel 0.5-3.5 cm. Bracteoles 2, linear, below calyx. Sepals 5, ca. 5 mm; lower and upper sepals ovate-lanceolate; lateral 2 sepals lanceolate to linear. Corolla blue, purple, or white, 8-10 mm, obscurely 2-lipped. Stamens didynamous. Stigma capitate. Capsule narrowly ovoid, enveloped in persistent calyx, apex acute. Seeds yellow-brown, ellipsoid, truncate at one end, longitudinally striate. Fl. May-Oct.
A herb which grows in rice fields and lies along the ground. It grows 30 cm high. The stems are much branched. They form roots at the nodes. It can grow each year from seed or keep growing from year to year. The leaves are opposite and about 1.5 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are almost without stalks. The flowers contain both sexes. They occur singly in the axils of leaves. The flowers are on stalks about as long as the leaves. The flower tube has 5 lobes. They are white or light blue. The seeds are very small.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.18 - 0.2
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical and subtropical places. It grows up to 500 m altitude. It grows in damp areas. It grows in wetlands. It can grow in salty conditions. It is damaged by drought and frost. It can be on sandy beaches. It grows below 1,100 m above sea level in southern China. Brisbane Botanical garden. In Yunnan.
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Mud flats in estuarine habitats. Moist and wet places, such as the borders of water channels, wells, irrigated fields etc.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The young leaves are used as a salad herb. They are also eaten in soups and cooked and eaten. They are also pickled. The flowers are eaten in times of food shortage.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Analgesics (aerial part), Neurology (aerial part), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Bronchitis (leaf), Cough (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Snake bites (stem), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Insanity (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Threadworm (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anemia (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Anxiety disorders (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Ascites (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Brain diseases (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Bronchodilator agents (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dementia (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Elephantiasis (unspecified), Emaciation (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Fertility agents (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Hypohidrosis (unspecified), Infertility (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Memory disorders (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified), Mental disorders (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Nootropic agents (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Increase physical endurance, strength and stamina (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), Pregnancy (unspecified), Psychophysiologic disorders (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tranquilizing agents (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Uterine diseases (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Amnesia (whole plant), Anemia (whole plant), Anticonvulsants (whole plant), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant), Antioxidants (whole plant), Anxiety disorders (whole plant), Astringents (whole plant), Brain diseases (whole plant), Cardiotonic agents (whole plant), Dermatitis (whole plant), Diabetes mellitus (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Edema (whole plant), Epilepsy (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Hematologic diseases (whole plant), Hypotension (whole plant), Hysteria (whole plant), Mental disorders (whole plant), Nervous system diseases (whole plant), Skin diseases (whole plant), Spasm (whole plant), Stomach diseases (whole plant), Urination disorders (whole plant), Vasoconstrictor agents (whole plant), Cooling effect on body (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown by stem cuttings. It can be grown by seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Bacopa monnieri leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Bacopa monnieri leaf picture by Xose A. (cc-by-sa)
Bacopa monnieri leaf picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bacopa monnieri flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Bacopa monnieri flower picture by Asim Kumar Mishra (cc-by-sa)
Bacopa monnieri flower picture by Xose A. (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bacopa monnieri world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, Panama, Thailand, and United States of America

Conservation status

Bacopa monnieri threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1072674-2
WFO ID wfo-0000558282
COL ID 67YFW
BDTFX ID 127046
INPN ID 447608
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Monniera africana Monniera brownei Thunbergia stolonifera Monniera pedunculosa Gratiola monnieri Gratiola tetrandra Herpestis brownei Herpestis moranensis Herpestis pedunculosa Herpestis spathulata Anisocalyx limnanthiflorus Hydrotrida beccabunga Capraria monnieria Gratiola portulacacea Herpestis africana Herpestis monnieri Herpestis monnieri Herpestis procumbens Bramia monnieri Limosella calycina Septas repens Herpestis cuneifolia Habershamia cuneifolia Ruellia articulata Monniera cuneifolia Allocalyx microphylla Lysimachia monnieri Septilia repens Bacopa monnieria Bramia indica Herpestis calytriplex Bacopa monnieri var. cuneifolia Bacopa monnieria var. cuneifolia Bramia monnieri Calytriplex obovata Bacopa monnieri