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Perennial herb or subshrub, more or less erect to about 50 cm, stems branched, thinly tomentose, glabrescent, leafy. Leaves rigid, sessile, 3-8(-10) cm long, decreasing in size upwards, pinnatilobate or pinnatifid, lobes distant, up to 10 pairs, triangular to linear or linear-lanceolate in outline, apex acuminate, spinose, base half-clasping, margins bristly, upper surface thickly, rarely sparsely, beset with harsh bristles up to 3 mm long, lower surface tomentose, rarely subglabrous. Heads discoid, 1.5-2 cm across, many corymbose-paniculately arranged. Involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, tips and margins spiny. Flowers yellow. Achenes 2-3 mm long, turbinate, glabrous or rarely with a few small hairs. Pappus scales up to c. 2 mm long, more or less lanceolate and acute.
Perennial herb or subshrub, 0.2-0.5 m high, ± erect; stems branched, thinly tomentose, glabrescent, leafy. Leaves rigid, sessile, decreasing in size upwards, pinnatilobate or pinnatifid, lobes distant, up to 10 pairs, triangular to linear or linear-lanceolate in outline, base half-clasping, apex acuminate, spinose, margins bristly, upper surface thickly, rarely sparsely, beset with harsh bristles, lower surface tomentose, rarely subglabrous. Capitula discoid, many, corymbose-paniculately arranged; involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, apex and margins spiny. Florets yellow. Flowering time July-Jan. Pappus ± lanceolate and acute. Cypselae turbinate, glabrous or rarely with few small hairs.
Perennial or subshrub, up to 0.5 m tall, stems glandular-haired, cobwebbed when young, glabrescent, often flushed purple. Leaves alternate, 5-8-pinnatifid to pinnatisect, blade 20-100 mm long, upper surface glabrescent but set with upturned, bristle-like hairs, lower surface felted, lobes toothed and spine-tipped, with pale spines 1-3 mm long. Flowerheads in cymes, discoid, yellow, 15-50 mm diam.; outer bracts lanceolate with spiny margins. And tip and margins curved under, vestiture as for leaves, 8-15 mm long, inner progressively smaller. Pappus scales 10 + 10, ovate-lanceolate, denticulate, 1-2 mm long.
