Blechnum inflexum (Kunze) Kuhn

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Blechnaceae > Blechnoideae > Blechnum

Characteristics

Plants terrestrial. Rhizome suberect to erect, to 140 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, closely set with roots, crowded stipe bases and scales, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, subulate, irregularly set with short, retrorse, marginal outgrowths terminating in an enlarged thin-walled cell, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 15 mm long, to 1 mm wide. Fronds crowded, erect to suberect, dimorphic, sterile overtop the fertile, sterile to 440 mm long, fertile to 335 mm long; stipe firm, proximally castaneous, stramineous higher up, adaxially sulcate, sterile to 175 mm long, to 2.5 mm in diameter, fertile to 130 mm long, to 2.5 mm in diameter, proximally densely scaled, sparsely scaled higher up, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, subulate, cordate, entire or with a few retrorse outgrowths terminating in an enlarged thin-walled cell, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 23 mm long, to 3 mm wide; lamina pinnatisect, sterile narrowly elliptic to oblong-acute, basal pinnae gradually reduced, to 340 mm long, to 87 mm wide, fertile narrowly obovate to oblong-acute, to 340 mm long, to 35 mm wide, with up to 30 petiolated pinna pairs; rachis adaxially shallowly sulcate, sulcus not open to that of the costae, pronounced adaxially and abaxially, sparsely scaled abaxially, scales sessile, filiform, cuneate to cordate, entire, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 6 mm long, to 0.4 mm wide; pinnae firmly herbaceous, adnate to the rachis, sterile oblong-acute to oblong-obtuse, with an abruptly enlarged base, touching, becoming widely spaced basally, to 46 mm long, to 10 mm wide, fertile linear, closely spaced, to 37 mm long, to 1 mm wide, adaxially and abaxially initially closely set with scales similar to, but shorter than, those on the rachis, glabrous to subglabrous later; costa adaxially convex, pronounced adaxially and abaxially. Venation basally anadromous, catadromous towards the apex, evident, forked, free vein branches terminate near the margin, in the fertile the veins form a near-marginal vascular commissure. Sori linear, extending the entire pinna length; indusium chartaceous, brown, linear, repand, with pluricellular projections, to 1 mm wide; sporangium long-stalked, simple, 3-seriate below the capsule, capsule broadly elliptic in lateral view, with (18-)19(-25) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (5-)7(-10)-celled, hypostomium (5-)7(-8)-celled. Spores elliptic, monolete, with narrow reticulate ridges, (50-)54.7(-62) x (32-)36.2(-46) µm.
More
Rhizome suberect to erect, up to 140 mm long, up to 6 mm in diam., with stipe bases and ferruginous scales, up to 15 x 1 mm, with marginal outgrowths. Fronds erect to suberect, dimorphic, the sterile overtop the fertile; sterile up to 440 mm long; fertile up to 335 mm long. Stipe firm, castaneous to stramineous; sterile up to 175 mm long, up to 2.5 mm in diam.; fertile up to 130 mm long, up to 2.5 mm in diam., proximally densely scaled; scales ferruginous, subulate, up to 23 x 3 mm, entire or with retrorse outgrowths. Lamina pinnatisect; sterile narrowly elliptic to oblong-acute, up to 340 x 87 mm; fertile narrowly obovate to oblong-acute, up to 340 x 35 mm, with up to 30 petiolated pinna pairs. Pinnae herbaceous, adnate; sterile oblong-acute to oblong-obtuse, with an abruptly enlarged base, up to 46 x 10 mm fertile linear, closely spaced, up to 37 x 1 mm, adaxially and abaxially initially closely set with scales similar to, but shorter than, those on rachis, glabrous to subglabrous later. Sori linear, extending entire pinna length. Indusium linear, repand, with pluricellular projections, up to 1 mm wide.
Rhizome erect to procumbent, c. 5 mm in diameter, set with linear-attenuate, entire, light brown, concolorous and striped rhizome-scales 8-18 mm long. Fronds erect, thinly coriaceous; stipe brown, darkening basally, with a conspicuous mass of squarrose scales basally otherwise subglabrous at oblong, entire, acute to obtuse, sessile, slightly auriculate acroscopically, glabrous on both surfaces; fertile lamina conspicuously shorter, very narrowly oblong, acute, up to 180 x 40 mm, basal pinnae reduced; pinnae linear, subsessile, a mucronate tip extending beyond sori; venation apparent. Sori extending most of the length of fertile pinnae; indusium dark brown, deeply lacerate, up to 2 mm broad.
Terrestrial. Rhizome thin, creeping, terminating in thickened, erect portion. Fronds in dense whorl, erect to suberect, pinnate, sterile lamina narrowly oblong-elliptic, 280-450 x 50100 mm, basal pinnae reduced, glabrous, pinnae oblong, acute and rounded, bases adnate to rachis, overlapping distally, spaced apart basally, margins entire; fertile lamina 80-220 x 14-30 mm, pinnae linear, densely crowded. Sporangia in linear sori, apparently covering abaxial surface, with continuous, lacerate indusium.
Perennial with short, but thick, erect rhizome. Fronds erect, to 30 cm long, stipe scaled, sterile lamina oblong-elliptic, pinnatifid, pinnae narrowly oblong, entire, fertile lamina shorter than sterile, narrowly oblong, pinnae linear, subsessile. Sori extending most of the length of the fertile pinnae, indusium lacerate.
Rhizome erect to procumbent, set with light brown rhizome scales. Sterile pinnae with bases broadest and wholly adnate to rhachis. Basal pinnae reduced but lamina not decrescent. Sterile pinna apices obtuse to acute. Rhachis usually raised and flat or shallowly sulcate above.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Blechnum inflexum world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17059300-1
WFO ID wfo-0001110889
COL ID -
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Struthiopteris inflexa Blechnum inflexum Lomaria discolor var. natalensis