Brexia madagascariensis (Lam.) Thouars ex Ker Gawl.

Species

Angiosperms > Celastrales > Celastraceae > Brexia

Characteristics

Much-branched evergreen shrub or small tree, 2–6(–10) m. tall.. Leaf-blades very variable in shape, narrowly oblong or linear-oblong to broadly obovate, with both sorts on the same plant (? not in the Flora area), the former on the young shoots, 3.5–35 cm. long, 2–7.6 cm. wide, broadly rounded or even retuse at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, ± entire, obscurely crenate or spinously toothed; petiole 1–2 cm. long.. Inflorescences (l–)3–12(–17)-flowered; peduncles 1–9 cm. long, mostly flattened or even ± winged, 1.5–5 mm. wide, sometimes with a leaf-like bract ± 1 cm. long and wide at the apex; pedicels 0.6–1.8 cm. long; bracts scaly, small.. Calyx mostly 0.8–1.2 cm. wide, the sepals ± 2.5 mm. long, 3.5–4 mm. wide, very rounded.. Petals thick, greenish-or yellowish-white, elliptic-oblong, 1.2– 1.7 cm. long, 0.9–1.2 cm. wide, obtuse.. Ovary 5-angled.. Fruit ovoid, oblong-fusiform or cylindrical, 4–10 cm. long, 1.9–3 cm. across, sometimes tapering, prominently 5-ribbed (in Flora area); all material examined has had very woody walls but the fruits are said to become pulpy at length and to be edible; they are capable of floating in the sea for several months without the seeds losing their viability.. Seeds brown or blackish, irregularly compressed-ellipsoid, 4.5–7.5 mm. long, 3–3.5 mm. wide, keeled, minutely rugulose in ridges.. Fig. 1.
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An evergreen shrub or small tree. It is dense, with many branches. It is mostly only 2-3 m high. The bark is grey with stripes. The leaves are alternate and vary in shape. They are narrow and oblong. They are 3.5-14 cm long and thickly leathery. The flowers are white large and with 5 spreading petals. These tend to curve backwards. These can be 2 cm long. The flowers occur in loose clusters. They are mostly in leaf axils but sometimes on old wood. The fruit are long and narrow and woody. They are 9 cm long with 5 ridges. The fruit can float in the sea for months and the seed remain viable. They contain many seeds.
Leaves evergreen; petiole 1–2 cm. long; lamina 3·5–35 x 2–7·6 cm., very variable in shape, those on young shoots narrowly oblong to oblong-linear with margin spinose-dentate, those on mature shoots narrowly to broadly obovate with margin crenate to entire, all rounded to retuse at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, coriaceous; stipules subulate.
Inflorescence (l)3–12(17)-flowered, pedunculate, in leaf axils; peduncle 1–9 cm. long, usually ± flattened, 1·5–5 mm. wide, sometimes bearing at the apex 1–2 leaf-like bracteoles c. 1 x 1 cm.; bracteoles otherwise small, scale-like, deciduous; pedicels 0·6–1·8 mm. long.
Drupe 4–10 x 1·9–3 cm., ovoid to oblong-fusiform or cylindric, prominently 5-ribbed (in our area), with mesocarp woody at first but said to become eventually pulpy and edible.
Seeds 4·5–7·5 x 3–3·5 mm., brown or blackish, irregularly compressed-ellipsoid, carinate, minutely rugulose in ridges.
Sepals c. 2·5 x 3·5–4 mm., united in the lower 1/2, with lobes triangular-oblate, apex rounded, margin entire.
Shrub or small tree, (2)3–7(10) m. high, much branched; stems smooth, angular when young, later terete.
Petals greenish-or yellowish-white, 1·2–1·7 x 0·9–1·2 cm., broadly oblong-ovoid, obtuse, ± fleshy.
Stamens with filaments c. 1·2 mm. thick; anthers c. 5 x 2·5 mm.
Ovary 5-angled, c. 8–10 mm. long including style.
Disk-lobes with filaments 4–6, linear, unequal.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in bush and scrub near the beach. It can also be at the edges of mangrove swamps. It can grow up to 100 m above sea level. It has been grown up to 1,500 m above sea level. It needs full sun and a reasonably fertile soil. It is best in a well-drained, moist soil. It can tolerate alkaline soils, salty soils and salt spray. It can grow in arid places.
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Coastal evergreen bushland on coral or coarse, rocky ground, edges of saline water, swamp forest, mangrove swamp, on eroded ridges near the sea, at elevations from sea level to 100 metres.
Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The fruit softens as it ripens to become edible.
Uses charcoal environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is usually grown from seed. The fruit can float in sea water for many months and the seeds will still grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Brexia madagascariensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Brexia madagascariensis world distribution map, present in Madagascar and Seychelles

Conservation status

Brexia madagascariensis threat status: Critically Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:790429-1
WFO ID wfo-0000572171
COL ID 5WQPH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 967021
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Venana madagascariensis Theophrasta madagascariensis Brexia coursiana Brexia montana Brexia spinosa Clavija serrata Thomassetia seychellana Brexia acanthifolia Brexia amplifolia Brexia apoda Brexia arborea Brexia cauliflora Brexia chrysophylla Brexia decurrens Brexia digyna Brexia heterophylla Brexia horombensis Brexia humbertii Brexia madagascariensis Brexia serrata Brexia ovatifolia Brexia acanthifolia Brexia digynia Venana cauliflora Brexia lucanana Brexia microcarpa Brexia ovatifolia Brexia madagascariensis subsp. microcarpa Brexia madagascariensis var. mossambicensis Brexia montana var. bracteata