Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook.

American searocket (en), Caquillier à feuilles entières (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Cakile

Characteristics

Bushy-branched, 1–8 dm; lvs spatulate and sinuately toothed, varying to pinnatilobate or subentire; fls pale purple to white, 5 mm wide; pedicels at maturity indurate, 2–8 mm; lower joint of fr turbinate-cylindric, 5–12 mm, or sterile and much-reduced, the upper joint 4-angled or obscurely 8-angled, always evidently larger than the lower, with a somewhat flattened beak, and conspicuously narrowed below to the articulation; 2n=18. Coastal sands; Atlantic coast from s. Lab. to N.C., and along the shores of the Great Lakes; intr. on the Pacific coast and in Australia. Maritime plants and some of these from the Great Lakes (especially about the s. end of Lake Michigan) have the upper segment of the fr plump, 5–9 mm wide, and short-beaked, the beak shorter than the seed-bearing part; these are var. edentula. Most of the plants from the Great Lakes have the upper segment of the fr slender, 3–5 mm wide, and long-beaked, the beak as long as or longer than the seed-bearing part; these are var. lacustris Fernald.
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Annuals or, rarely, perennials, (compact, rarely sprawling) . Stems erect, or, rarely, prostrate, (much-branched), to 8 dm. Cauline leaves: blade ovate to spatulate, or (distal) oblanceolate (less lobed), (smaller distally), margins crenate, dentate, or sinuate (not pinnatifid). Racemes 1-2 dm, (congested); rachis straight. Fruiting pedicels 1.8-8 mm. Flowers: sepals 3.5-5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white to pale lavender, (well-developed or reduced to bristles), 4.6-9.7 × 1.5-3 mm, claw not distinct. Fruits (4-angled or 8-ribbed), cylindrical, 12-29 × 3-9 mm; proximal segment terete, (5-10 mm); terminal segment fusiform to turbinate, (7-15 mm), (beak flattened), apex acute, blunt, or retuse. Seeds: cotyledons accumbent to, sometimes, incumbent.
Stems 30-60 cm tall, much-branched from base, stout, glabrous, sprawling to suberect, forking; main stem often flexuous. Rosette lvs fleshy, obovate to oblanceolate, shallowly pinnatifid, petiolate, 4-6 × 1.5-3 cm; margins serrate; stem lvs narrower and shorter, oblanceolate, obtuse, bluntly serrate. Infl. rachis flexuous, thickening and elongating at fruiting. Pedicels suberect to spreading, 1-3 mm long. Fls 6-8 mm diam., clustered. Petals 4-6 × 1-1.5 mm. Silique erect, (12)-15-22 × 4-7 mm; upper segment ovate, acuminate, tapering to a narrow winged beak, emarginate, 4-angled or 8-ribbed, somewhat flattened, frequently persistent if lower segment seedless, 8-13 mm long; lower segment terete, barrel-shaped, often obconic, (4)-6-9 mm long, without lateral horns.
Annual, succulent herb, branched, decumbent below, spreading-ascending above, to 80 cm tall. Leaves succulent, petiolate, ovate, obovate, or spathulate; lobing various (not pinnatifid); upper leaves reducing, less lobed. lnflorescence a congested raceme. Sepals 3.5–5 mm long. Petals 4.6–8 mm long, white, pink or lavender. Silicula 12–24 mm long, 4–8 mm wide, articulating between the two dimorphic segments, on spreading pedicels to 8 mm long; upper segment 7–15 mm long, compressed-turbinate, 4-angled, acute, obtuse or retuse; lower segment 5–10 mm long, cylindrical to slightly obconical, articulating surface with 2–6 small teeth, seed of lower segment smaller than that of upper.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual herb. The stems are erect or bend upwards. The branches are spreading and up to 60 cm long. They are succulent. The leaves are broadly sword shaped. They have a lobes and a few blunt teeth. They are 3-6 cm long. The flowers are lilac coloured. The fruit are narrow and rocket shaped with one bump near the tip. These pods are 2.5 cm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. They grow near beaches. They can grow near the high water mark. It is often on sandy and cobble beaches. It grows in temperate places. It is best in sandy soils and needs an open sunny position. It is damaged by drought or frost. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Sandy or gravelly beaches.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The root is dried and ground and mixed with flour in times of scarcity. The leaves make good pickle. The young succulent leaves, stems and unripe capsules are eaten raw in salads. They have a sharp flavour.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Sclerosis(Liver) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. They need to be in sandy, saline places.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cakile edentula leaf picture by norbert verneau (cc-by-sa)
Cakile edentula leaf picture by Tim Daniel (cc-by-sa)
Cakile edentula leaf picture by Jessica MacDonald (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cakile edentula flower picture by Andrew (cc-by-sa)
Cakile edentula flower picture by Tim Daniel (cc-by-sa)
Cakile edentula flower picture by Yves SPM (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cakile edentula world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279797-1
WFO ID wfo-0000578684
COL ID PBKY
BDTFX ID 11752
INPN ID 87193
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cakile americana Bunias edentula Cakile californica Cakile edentula var. americana Cakile edentula var. californica Cakile edentula subsp. californica Cakile edentula var. integrifolia Cakile edentula var. millspaughii Cakile edentula var. pinnatifida Cakile lanceolata var. apetala Cakile lanceolata var. australiensis Cakile lanceolata var. edentula Cakile lanceolata subsp. edentula Cakile lanceolata var. nillspaughii Cakile maritima var. americana Cakile aegyptia var. edentula Cakile edentula var. edentula Cakile lanceolata var. millspaughii Cakile edentula

Lower taxons

Cakile edentula subsp. harperi Cakile edentula var. lacustris