Cakile maritima Scop.

Sea rocket (en), Cakilier (fr), Roquette de mer (fr), Caquillier maritime (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Cakile

Characteristics

Stems 10-30 cm tall, much-branched from base, stout, glabrous, sprawling to suberect, forking, not flexuous. Rosette lvs fleshy, narrow-oblong to ovate, shallowly crenate to pinnatifid, petiolate, 4-6 × 1-2 cm; margins entire, rarely crenate or sinuate; stem lvs smaller, crenate to pinnatifid, oblong to linear to linear-spathulate. Infl. rachis straight, thickening and elongating at fruiting. Pedicels suberect to spreading, 1-3 mm long. Fls c. 1 cm diam., clustered. Petals 7-9 × 1-2 mm. Silique erect, (11)-13-16-(18) × 4-7 mm; upper segment mitre-shaped, tapering to a conic beak, acute, 4-angled, (8)-10-15 mm long; lower segment obconic, terete, 3-6 mm long, with 2 spreading to deflexed lateral horns at distal end.
More
Annual herb, with ascending or decumbent branches to 80 cm long. Leaves succulent, petiolate, deeply pinnatifid to entire; lobes (when present) of 2 to 4 pairs, obovate or spathulate, rarely less than 5 mm wide; upper leaves reducing. Inflorescence a raceme, elongating in fruit. Sepals 4–5.5 mm long. Petals 8–14 mm long, white to purple. Silicula 12–27 mm long, 4–8 mm wide, somewhat hastate, articulating between the two dimorphic segments, spreading, on pedicels to 7 mm long; upper segment compressed conical-hastate, somewhat 4–angled, unilocular; lower segment more or less obconical, expanding to two lateral blunt horns, unilocular, seed of the lower segment smaller than that of the upper.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual herb. The stems lie along the ground or bend upwards. It is 15-45 cm long. It has a white taproot. The lower leaves are 3-12 cm long. They normally have lobes arranged like along the stalk. These are oblong. They can have fine teeth along the edge. The flowers are pink to purple and have 4 petals. The fruit are fleshy and green and oval with a point at the end. (Like a rocket!) It has 2 bumps near the tip.
A European sp. with deeply pinnatifid lvs, and with the lower segment of the fr dilated into projecting teeth at the joint, is occasionally adventive about Atlantic seaports and appears to be established on beaches in the Chesapeake Bay region.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. The grow near beaches. They grow close to the high water mark. Tasmania Herbarium.
More
Sandy and shingly places all around the coast.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The leaves are bitter but can be eaten. They are also used in pickles. The root is pounded into flour and used with bread. The young leaves, stems, flower buds and unripe pods are eaten raw in salads and sandwiches.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves pods roots seeds stems
Therapeutic use Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Sclerosis(Liver) (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cakile maritima habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima habit picture by Antoine Ambard (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cakile maritima leaf picture by val (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima leaf picture by Serge Fournier (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima leaf picture by Pascal Lasselin (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cakile maritima flower picture by Marc Denis (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima flower picture by idris idris bensari (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima flower picture by laia (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cakile maritima fruit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima fruit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Cakile maritima fruit picture by Ian Bennett (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cakile maritima world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30179231-2
WFO ID wfo-0000578725
COL ID 69737
BDTFX ID 11756
INPN ID 87197
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cakile aegyptica Cakile crenata Cakile edentula Cakile hispanica l'hér. ex Cakile maritima Cakile serapionis Cakile sinuatifolia Rapistrum maritimum Bunias cakile Bunias ovalis Crucifera cakile Isatis aegyptica Cakile aegyptica Isatis pinnata Cakile aegyptiaca Cakile bauhini Cakile latifolia Cakile littoralis Cakile monosperma Cakile pinnatifida Cakile hispanica Rapistrum cakile Bunias littoralis Rapistrum cakile Bunias americana Cakile aegyptia Cakile aegyptica var. australis Cakile aegyptica var. edentula Cakile aegyptica var. hispanica Cakile aegyptica var. latifolia Cakile aegyptica var. susica Cakile maritima var. aegyptica Cakile maritima subsp. aegyptica Cakile maritima var. amblycarpa Cakile maritima var. auriculata Cakile maritima var. australis Cakile maritima var. edentula Cakile maritima var. hispanica Cakile maritima var. laciniata Cakile maritima var. latifolia Cakile maritima var. monosperma Cakile maritima var. oxycarpa Cakile maritima var. pandataria Cakile maritima var. pinnatifida Cakile maritima var. sessiliflora Cakile maritima var. sinuatifolia Cakile maritima var. susica Cakile maritima var. integrifolia Cakile aegyptia var. hispanica Cakile aegyptia var. susica Cakile maritima f. pandataria Cakile maritima f. pygmaea Cakile aegyptia var. australis Cakile aegyptia var. latifolia Cakile maritima subsp. maritima Cakile cakile Cakile cyrenaica

Lower taxons

Cakile maritima subsp. baltica Cakile maritima subsp. euxina Cakile maritima subsp. integrifolia