Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.

Roostertree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Calotropis

Characteristics

Coarse erect herbs or subshrubs to 2 m or more high; stems glaucous, with age developing thick corky, deeply furrowed bark. Leaves glaucous, ovate to nearly orbicular, sessile or nearly so, apically acute, basally cordate, 10-30 cm long and 8-20 cm broad. Inflorescences branched umbelliform cymes, many flowered. Flowers with calyx lobes ovate-triangular, 5-6 mm long and 3-4 mm wide; corolla shallowly campanulate to nearly rotate, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter, lobed to about the middle, the lobes triangular, 9-11 mm long and 7-9 mm wide, greenish outside, whitish inside with the lobes usually purple tipped. Follicles short and broad, 5-7 cm long and 3-4 cm wide.
More
A small shrub. It has broad leaves and keeps its leaves throughout the year. It grows 2-5 m high. The bark is fibrous and deeply cracked when old. The stem is simple and only occasionally branched. The leaves are opposite and simple. The leaves are greyish-green. They are broadly oval and 5-30 cm long by 3-15 cm wide. They end abruptly. The flowers are purple and white. They are in dense groups from the nodes. The fruit is simple, fleshy and inflated. It is an oblique to oval follicle 10 cm across. There are many seeds.
Tree to 2.5 m high. Leaves with petiole 3–4 mm long; lamina elliptic, to 18 cm long, to 15 cm wide, cordate to auriculate, acute to rounded; colleters 20–27. Inflorescence of 1–12 fascicles. Flowers 13–15 mm long, 23–25 mm diam.; pedicels 15–27 mm long. Sepals 7–8 mm long. Corolla campanulate; lobes lanceolate-ovate, 10 mm long, 9–10 mm wide, cream with purple tips internally. Staminal corona lobes 4–5 mm long, c. 4 mm wide, purple on edges, cream next to staminal column. Follicles ovoid, 10–12 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.75 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in arid and semiarid regions in Central America. It is resistant to drought, frost and salt. It grows in the Sahel. It grows in savannah woodland. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall between 400-900 mm. It can grow in arid places. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,000 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
More
A weed along degraded roadsides, lagoon edges and in overgrazed native pastures. It has a preference for and is often dominant in areas of abandoned cultivation, especially in sandy soils in areas of low rainfall303.
Grows in disturbed sites such as roadsides and urban areas.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The flower shoots are eaten young and raw. The leaves are occasionally eaten. The leaves are used for making an alcoholic drink. Caution: The sap of this plant contains calotropin that can cause damage to the heart. In Ethiopia the sap is added to milk to help it coagulate. The latex is used in beer and cheese making. The fruit is chopped into small pieces and cooked as a vegetable.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use fiber fodder food food additive fuel green manure gum material medicinal non-vertebrate poison ornamental poison social use vertebrate poison wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves saps seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Cholera (plant exudate), Abdominal pain (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Cathartics (bark), Fever (bark), Hemorrhoids (bark), Leprosy (bark), Pruritus (bark), Splenic diseases (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Abortifacient agents (flower), Analgesics (flower), Anorexia (flower), Anthelmintics (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Anti-infective agents (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Appetite stimulants (flower), Asthma (flower), Bites and stings (flower), Cathartics (flower), Cholera (flower), Common cold (flower), Cough (flower), Digestive system diseases (flower), Dyspepsia (flower), Earache (flower), Emetics (flower), Expectorants (flower), Fever (flower), Gastrointestinal diseases (flower), Gonorrhea (flower), Headache (flower), Hemorrhage (flower), Hemorrhoids (flower), Liver diseases (flower), Malaria (flower), Migraine disorders (flower), Mucus discharge (flower), Periodontitis (flower), Pruritus (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Scabies (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Spermatocidal agents (flower), Splenomegaly (flower), Stomach diseases (flower), Wounds and injuries (flower), Asthma (fruit), Back pain (fruit), Common cold (fruit), Cough (fruit), Leukorrhea (fruit), Abdominal pain (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Arrhythmias, cardiac (leaf), Arthralgia (leaf), Arthritis (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Back pain (leaf), Callosities (leaf), Cardiovascular system (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Constipation (leaf), Contraceptive agents (leaf), Cough (leaf), Dracunculiasis (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Dyspnea (leaf), Ear diseases (leaf), Earache (leaf), Edema (leaf), Emetics (leaf), Expectorants (leaf), Fever (leaf), Fistula (leaf), Gastritis (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Influenza, human (leaf), Insect repellents (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Leukorrhea (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Molluscacides (leaf), Pain (leaf), Paralysis (leaf), Pneumonia (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), Scorpion stings (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Splenic diseases (leaf), Splenomegaly (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Suppuration (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Visceral disorders (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Diaphoretic (leaf), Rheumatoid arthritis (leaf), Analgesics (plant exudate), Anthelmintics (plant exudate), Anticoagulants (plant exudate), Antifungal agents (plant exudate), Antirheumatic agents (plant exudate), Arthralgia (plant exudate), Arthritis (plant exudate), Asthma (plant exudate), Bites and stings (plant exudate), Cardiotonic agents (plant exudate), Carrageenan (plant exudate), Cathartics (plant exudate), Conjunctivitis (plant exudate), Diarrhea (plant exudate), Dracunculiasis (plant exudate), Eczema (plant exudate), Edema (plant exudate), Epilepsy (plant exudate), Fibrinolysis (plant exudate), Furunculosis (plant exudate), Headache (plant exudate), Insecticides (plant exudate), Laxatives (plant exudate), Leprosy (plant exudate), Malaria (plant exudate), Molluscacides (plant exudate), Neoplasms (plant exudate), Pain (plant exudate), Parkinson disease (plant exudate), Scorpion stings (plant exudate), Skin diseases (plant exudate), Snake bites (plant exudate), Tooth diseases (plant exudate), Toothache (plant exudate), Uterine contraction (plant exudate), Vitiligo (plant exudate), Vomiting (plant exudate), Wound healing (plant exudate), Wounds and injuries (plant exudate), Irritant (plant exudate), Abdominal pain (root), Abortifacient agents (root), Anemia (root), Anthelmintics (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Anti-infective agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antineoplastic agents (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Arrhythmias, cardiac (root), Arthritis (root), Ascites (root), Asthma (root), Back pain (root), Bites and stings (root), Bronchitis (root), Cardiovascular system (root), Cathartics (root), Celiac disease (root), Cholera (root), Common cold (root), Constipation (root), Cough (root), Diarrhea (root), Dracunculiasis (root), Dysentery (root), Dyspepsia (root), Dyspnea (root), Dystocia (root), Eczema (root), Edema (root), Elephantiasis (root), Emetics (root), Expectorants (root), Fatigue (root), Fever (root), Filariasis (root), Flatulence (root), Gastroenteritis (root), Gastrointestinal diseases (root), Hypertension (root), Inflammation (root), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (root), Ipecac (root), Jaundice (root), Leprosy (root), Leukorrhea (root), Liver diseases (root), Malaria (root), Mental disorders (root), Metrorrhagia (root), Parasympatholytics (root), Pneumonia (root), Pruritus (root), Respiratory system agents (root), Scorpion stings (root), Skin diseases (root), Snake bites (root), Spasm (root), Spermatocidal agents (root), Splenic diseases (root), Splenomegaly (root), Sterilization, reproductive (root), Toothache (root), Ulcer (root), Visceral disorders (root), Wound healing (root), Wounds and injuries (root), Mucus in stool (root), Diaphoretic (root), Asthenia (seed), Asthma (seed), Back pain (seed), Menstruation disturbances (shoot), Abortifacient agents (stem), Antipyretics (stem), Dental caries (stem), Diarrhea (stem), Dysentery (stem), Ear diseases (stem), Headache (stem), Hemorrhoids (stem), Leprosy (stem), Malaria (stem), Periodontal diseases (stem), Periodontitis (stem), Sterilization, reproductive (stem), Headache (unspecified), Chancre (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Deodorant (unspecified), Depilatory (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Elephantiasis (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Hemiplegia (unspecified), Homicide (unspecified), Infanticide (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Odontectomy (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Poison(Arrow) (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Splenitis (unspecified), Splinter (unspecified), Sting (unspecified), Suicide (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Ascites (unspecified), Back pain (unspecified), Blister (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Exanthema (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Muscular diseases (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Hydrocele (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Asthma (wood), Snake bites (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Calotropis procera habit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera habit picture by Pour Demos (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera habit picture by Escudero Esteban (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Calotropis procera leaf picture by EMMANUEL BOTWE (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera leaf picture by Vinod Bhana (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera leaf picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Calotropis procera flower picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera flower picture by Isabelle Legrand (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera flower picture by christiane Fazer (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Calotropis procera fruit picture by Alexander Alexander (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera fruit picture by Stephan Heinrich (cc-by-sa)
Calotropis procera fruit picture by christiane Fazer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Calotropis procera world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Haiti, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Jamaica, Cambodia, Kuwait, Libya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Martinique, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:95179-1
WFO ID wfo-0000581500
COL ID 5X96X
BDTFX ID 101760
INPN ID 631693
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Calotropis hamiltonii Calotropis heterophylla Calotropis inflexa Calotropis persica Calotropis syriaca Calotropis wallichii Madorius procerus Asclepias gigantea Asclepias patula Calotropis gigantea var. procera Calotropis procera subsp. hamiltonii Apocynum syriacum Apocynum syriacum Asclepias procera Calotropis procera