Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gentianaceae > Canscora

Characteristics

Annual herb, to 70 cm high.. Stem slender, branched from the base, ridges smooth or minutely winged.. Leaves membranous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6–48 mm long, 4–18(–23) mm wide, acute, cuneate at base.. Inflorescences dichasial cymes, diffuse, sometimes ± slightly contracted; bracts 4–8.5 x 2–4(5) mm, ovate, acute; pedicels 5–10 mm long, very slender.. Flowers usually 4-merous (rarely 5-merous), irregular.. Calyx tube 4–7 mm long; lobes unequal, linear-lanceolate, 1–2 mm long, ± 1 mm wide, acuminate.. Corolla tube cylindrical, 4–7 mm long; lobes unequal, 2 shorter and 2 longer, 2.2–4 mm long, ± 1–2 mm wide, emarginate.. Filaments unequal, 1 longer, always inserted higher up in the corolla tube, ± 0.4–0.8 mm long, 3 shorter, 0.2–0.3 mm long, inserted lower down; anthers up to 0.5 mm long, oblong, 1–2 perhaps sterile.. Ovary up to 3.2 mm long; style 1.2–1.8 mm long; stigma 0.3–0.5 mm long, bilobed, lobes unequal, papillose.. Capsule oblong to ellipsoid, 3.8–11 mm long, ± 3 mm diameter.. Seeds numerous, up to 0.3 mm in diameter, surface reticulate-pitted.. Fig. 12 (p. 41).
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Rather diffuse herb with ±fibrous roots. Stem erect, much-branched above, 10–60 cm high. Basal leaves usually absent at flowering. Stem leaves shortly petiolate becoming sessile upwards, broadly ovate, widest at c. 1/3 from base, to 35 mm long, 25 mm wide, obtuse to shortly acuminate, prominently 3-nerved. Inflorescence a very open diffuse dichasium; pedicels 5–8 mm long, with minute bracteoles. Flowers 4-merous, 3–3.5 mm diam. Calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm long. Corolla pink; tube c. 4 mm long; lobes c. 1–1.5 mm long. Style c. 1.5 mm long; stigmas revolute. Capsule c. 3–4 mm long. Seeds c. 0.2 mm long, 0.15 mm wide, reticulate-rugose, yellowish to reddish brown.
Annuals, to 30 cm tall, glabrous throughout. Stems branched from base, lower internodes winged, upper subterete. Leaves sessile; basal leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.8-2.4 × 0.8-1.8 cm, base truncate to cuneate, apex acute; veins 3-5, slender. Cymes lax, spreading; bracts to 2 × 0.5 mm. Pedicel to 1 mm, narrowly winged. Calyx to 5 mm; tube narrowly cylindric, to 3.5 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate, to 1.5 mm, apex acuminate. Corolla pale purple to pink, salverform, tube to 8 mm; lobes oblong, 2.5-5 mm. Fertile stamens 2 or 3, shorter than corolla tube. Sterile stamens 1 or 2, ca. as long as tube. Capsules linear-ovoid, 4-6 mm.
A herb. It is erect and grows each year from seed. It grows 35-70 cm tall. The stem is slender and 4 angled. The lower leaves have short stalks and the upper leaves do not have stalks. The leaves are 1-3 cm long by 0.5-1.5 cm wide. They are narrowly oval and wedge shaped at the base. There are many pink or white flowers.
Upper leaves sessile, the lower shortly petiolate; petiole up to 5 mm. long; lamina 1–3 (4) x 0.5–1.5 cm., ovate-elliptic to elliptic, acute at the apex, largely cuneate at the base, 3–5 nerved from the base, glabrous.
Flowers very numerous, pink, mauve or white, in lax somewhat diffuse, leafy cymes; bracts 4–8 x 2–5 mm., sessile, ovate, acute; pedicels 5–15 mm. long, filiform, not winged.
Calyx tube 4–5 mm. long, narrow, scarcely swollen towards the base, not winged; teeth subulate; 1.5–2 mm. long.
Ovary 0.3–0.4 mm. long, cylindric; style 1–1.5 mm. long, linear; stigmatic lobes, 0.4 mm. long.
Filaments 0.4–0.9 mm. long; anthers 0.25–0.35 x 0.25 mm., ellipsoid; sterile stamens 1–2.
Corolla tube 5–6 mm. long; lobes 1.5–2 x 1–1.5 mm., unequal, ovate obtuse.
Seeds, 0.2 mm. in diam., numerous; testa minutely faveolate.
Annual erect herb, up to 35 (70) cm. tall, much branched.
A much-branched many-flowered inflorescence
Stem slender, 4-angled, glabrous.
Capsule 4–5 mm. long, cylindric.
Erect herb up to 2 ft. high
Flowers white or lilac.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.33 - 0.66
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-9
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The whole plant is eaten as a vegetable.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Nervous system diseases (flower), Epilepsy (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Mental disorders (leaf), Nervous system diseases (leaf), Anthelmintics (rhizome), Nervous system diseases (root), Deafness (seed), Gastralgia (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hypothermia (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Mental disorders (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Stress, physiological (unspecified), Gastrointestinal agents (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Canscora diffusa flower picture by IMMORTAL_2209 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Canscora diffusa world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:366552-1
WFO ID wfo-0000584031
COL ID QMDK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Orthostemon huegelii Canscora divaricata Canscora foliosa Canscora rubiflora Exacum diffusum Exacum tenellum Canscora decurrens Canscora khandalensis Canscora kirkii Canscora lancifolia Canscora lauri Canscora lawii Cobamba dichotoma Canscora sanjappae Striga esquirolii Orthostemon erectus Canscora tenella Exacum erectum Gentiana diffusa Canscora diffusa var. tenella Canscora diffusa var. tetraptera Orthostemon kirkii Canscora diffusa