Cardamine maxima Wood

Large toothwort (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Cardamine

Characteristics

Perennials; glabrous (except leaflet margins and, sometimes, rachis). Rhizomes cylindrical, 3-6 mm diam., (distinctly constricted at intervals, non-uniform diam., fleshy, slightly fragile, with dentate leaf scars). Stems erect, unbranched, 0.9-3(-4) dm. Rhizomal leaves 3-foliolate, 7-20 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 4-15 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base often oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2-1(-1.7) cm), blade broadly ovate to oblong, 2-7.5 cm × 12-37 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely dentate to sharply incised, or deeply cleft into 2 or 3 lobes (lobes dentate or incised, margins puberulent). Cauline leaves 2 or 3, 3-foliolate, (rarely subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (0.5-)1-4(-6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral and terminal leaflets similar to rhizomal, distalmost sometimes much smaller. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels: (flowering ones) horizontal to divaricate or deflexed, 7-20 mm. Flowers: sepals (erect to ascending), oblong, 5-7 × 2-3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink, oblanceolate, 10-17 × 3-6 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4-8 mm, lateral pair 3-6.5 mm; anthers linear, 1.7-2.7 mm. Fruits (undeveloped), linear-lanceolate, to 3 cm × 2 mm; ovules 10-14 per ovary; style 3.5-7 mm. Seeds not known. 2n = 120, 124, 132, 138, 156, 161, ca. 208.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -20
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cardamine maxima unspecified picture

Distribution

Cardamine maxima world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:280472-1
WFO ID wfo-0000587172
COL ID R4HT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dentaria maxima f. aphylla Dentaria maxima Cardamine anomala Cardamine maxima Dentaria x anomala Dentaria maxima f. albiflora