Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.

Pennsylvania bittercress (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Cardamine

Characteristics

Annuals or biennials; sparsely hirsute basally, glabrous distally. Rhizomes absent. Stems (simple from base), erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5-)1.5-5.5(-7) dm. Basal leaves (soon withered), not rosulate, similar to proximalmost cauline leaves, 4-15 cm. Cauline leaves (3-)5-20(-35), pinnately (5 or) 7-13(-19)-foliolate, sometimes appearing pinnatisect, lobe number similar to leaflets (middle and proximal ones 2-11 cm), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate, subsessile, or sessile; petiole (0.4-)1-3.5(-4.5) cm, base not auriculate, (often sparsely hirsute); lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, (decurrent on rachis smaller than terminal, distalmost blades narrower, with fewer lobes or leaflets), margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 1 cm), blade suborbicular, obovate to oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1.3-3(-4) cm × 6-25 mm, base often cuneate, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 3 or 5-lobed. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate-ascending, (3-)4-10(-13) mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, (1-)1.3-2.3 × 0.5-1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2-3.5(-4) × 0.8-1.5 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.5-2.5 mm, lateral pair 1-2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.2-0.3 mm. Fruits linear, (torulose), (1.4-)1.7-2.7(-3.2) cm × 0.8-1.1 mm; ovules 40-80 per ovary; style 0.5-1 mm. Seeds brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.7-1.1 × 0.5-0.8 mm. 2n = 32, 64.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 2-5
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cardamine pensylvanica habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cardamine pensylvanica leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cardamine pensylvanica flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cardamine pensylvanica world distribution map, present in Canada, France, and United States of America

Conservation status

Cardamine pensylvanica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:280567-1
WFO ID wfo-0000587327
COL ID R4KW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 761987
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cardamine acuminata Cardamine pensylvanica Cardamine oregana Cardamine reflexa Dracamine pensylvanica Cardamine breweri var. oregana Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis Cardamine flexuosa subsp. pensylvanica Cardamine hirsuta var. acuminata Cardamine hirsuta var. pensylvanica Cardamine pensylvanica var. brittoniana Cardamine flexuosa f. grandiflora Cardamine hirsuta f. pensylvanica Cardamine pensylvanica var. pensylvanica