Castilla elastica Cerv.

Panama rubbertree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Castilla

Characteristics

Tree up to 30(-40) m tall, monoecious or (andro)dioecious. Leafy twigs 2-12 mm thick, hirsute to hirtellous to velutinous. Leaves distichous on lateral branches; lamina elliptic to subobovate or to subovate, (10-)15-40(-55) by (5-)7-20(-30) cm, (almost) symmetric, chartaceous, apex acuminate, base (sub)cordate, margin dent(icul)ate; upper surface hispidulous, ± scabrous; lower surface hirtellous to subhirsute or strigose to subsericeous, midrib slightly prominent, lateral veins (10-)18-21(-25) pairs, tertiary venation scalariform; petiole 0.5-2(-10) cm long, hirtellous; stipules 1-11.5 cm long, sericeous to hirtellous to hirsute, on the margins tomentellous. Staminate inflorescences, if not accompanying pistillate ones, then peduncle 3-15 mm long; receptacle flabellate and 2-(or 3-)valved, 1-2.5 by 0.7-2(-2.5) cm; involucral bracts in 10-12 rows; if accompanying pistillate inflorescences, then peduncle 0-10 mm long; receptacle infundibuliform to cyathiform, 5-20 mm diam.; involucral bracts in 7-12 rows. Pistillate inflorescences discoid-capitate, 10-20 mm diam., (sub)sessile; involucral bracts in 5-10 rows, flowers numerous; stigmas strap-shaped. Fruiting perianth red to orange; fruit 8-10 by 5-7 mm.
More
Trees 5-10 m. tall, the young branches densely hirsute with spreading (less frequently appressed) golden hairs, eventually glabrate. Leaves oblong-obovate, more or less cordate and usually not strongly inequilateral at the base, subcuspidate-acuminate at the tip, 20-30 cm. long, 10-14 cm. broad, membranaceous, minutely and closely ciliate-denticulate, both surfaces golden spreading-hirsute but par-ticularly beneath, the petioles about 1 cm. long; stipules 3-6 cm. long. Inflores-cences in clusters of 2-4 in catenate series of the upper leaf-axils, occasionally solitary. Staminate heads conduplicate-reniform, about 1.5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the peduncle about 1 cm. long. Fruiting heads thickly discoid, 4-5 cm. in diameter, about 1.5 cm. thick, sessile or subsessile, the component flowers half or more coherent, developing an orange or reddish pulp at maturity.
A tree. It grows 30 m tall. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are 45 cm long by 17 cm wide. The leaves have tufts of hair along the edge. The leaves are hairy underneath. The flowers are green or yellow. They are in flattened head like clusters. The fruit is a flat disk of green bracts. These have about 20-30 orange-red fleshy 1 seeded fruit. The seeds are 8-10 mm long by 6-8 mm wide.
Pending. See Cooper & Cooper (2004: 321), and Zich et al., Castilla elastica, in Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edn 8 (2020).
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Flower color -
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Openings in moist lowland forest. Common in dry or wet forests or in thickets in the lowlands of Guatemala, sometimes planted on ranches at somewhat higher elevations, usually found at elevations below 300 metres.
More
Naturalised in disturbed gallery forest, rainforest, rainforest regrowth and on old farmland in the Cairns area (Cooper & Cooper 2004: 321; Zich et al. 2020).
It is a tropical plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Used as a source of latex/rubber, especially before Hevea braziliensis became the preferred source. Also used for its fibre and wood (see Fern, accessed January 2022).
Uses coffee substitute dye environmental use fiber material medicinal rubber shade wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Dysentery (bark), Abcess (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bowel (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Condyloma (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fracture (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Sterility (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Suppurative (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Womb (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Cancer(Uterus) (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is probably pollinated by thrips.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Castilla elastica leaf picture by rob krause (cc-by-sa)
Castilla elastica leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-sa)
Castilla elastica leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Castilla elastica fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Castilla elastica world distribution map, present in Australia, Costa Rica, Sri Lanka, and Panama

Conservation status

Castilla elastica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850895-1
WFO ID wfo-0000589992
COL ID -
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Castilla elastica Castilla guatemalensis Castilla gummifera Castilla lactiflua Castilla markhamiana Castilla nicoyensis Ficus gummifera Castilla elastica var. liga Castilla elastica subsp. elastica

Lower taxons

Castilla elastica subsp. costaricana Castilla elastica subsp. gummifera