Cereus jamacaru Dc.

Cierge d'Uruguay (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Cactaceae > Cereus

Characteristics

Tree-like, 3-10(-18) m high, up to 10 m across, often with a short (0.5-2 x 0.3-1 m) trunk; densely branched; branches 7-20 cm in diameter, often strongly glaucous when young, later dark blue-green, tissue scarcely mucilaginous; ribs (3-)6-8(-10), up to 6 x 1.8-4.5 cm; margins weakly to strongly crenate; areoles 4-8 mm at first, enlarging greatly on trunk and older branches, grey-felted, 1.5-4 cm apart. Spines few to many, sometimes absent on upper branches, yellow or brown when young, eventually turning grey to blackish; central spines 1-4 or more, 1-2(-6) cm long, up to 3 mm broad at base; radial spines (4-)7-8(-12), up to 3.5 cm long. Flowers funnelform, 21-30 x 15-20 cm. Pericarpel and hypanthium up to 16 cm long; green, bearing small, red or reddish scales. Tepals 8-10 x 2-2.7 cm, outer tepals greenish, sometimes tinged crimson, inner tepals white. Stigmas 12-16(-20), 1.1-1.9 cm long, greenish. Stamens oblique in mature flower. Fruit ellipsoid, 6-10 x 4-8 cm, crimson to pinkish red, dehiscent by a longitudinal slit from the base on the underside; pulp white. Seed black-brown (virtually black).
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Stem-succulent tree, 3-10(-18) m high, often with a short trunk up to 2 m high. Branches 6-8-winged. Areoles with 1-4 or more central spines 10-20(-60) mm long, yellow or brown when young, and (4-)7 or 8(-12) peripheral spines up to 35 mm long, yellow or brown when young. Flowers nocturnal, 210-300 x 150-200 mm. Tepals 80-100 x 20-27 mm, outer tepals greenish, inner tepals white. Stamens oblique in mature flower. Flowering time Nov.-Jan. Fruit red when ripe, succulent berries, ellipsoid, skin smooth, pulp white. Seeds black.
A columnar cactus. It grows 4-12 m tall. The trunk is short. The stems have 8 wings. There are spines in groups along these. The groups are 2-4 cm apart and there are 1-4 central spines and 7-12 spines around these. The flowers occur singly and open at night. The fruit are large and bright red. The pulp is white.
Shrub or tree, up to 5 m high. Ribs on stems 4-10, mostly 5, 40 mm deep; areoles 25-50 mm apart, spines 10-15, yellow to brown, needle-shaped, short, sometimes 20-30 on old branches, some up to 200 mm long, plant sometimes almost spineless. Fruit red. Flowers white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.5 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows naturally in east and northeast Brazil. It grows in semi-arid regions and savannah. It is best in light, sandy well-drained soil. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to drought and frost. It can grow in arid places.
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Dry, open forest areas of northeast Brazil, with a preference for growing in the less dry areas on clay soils mixed with fine gravel.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fruit can be eaten raw. The stems can be used as a vegetable.
Uses animal food environmental use experimental purposes food material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible fruits stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown by cuttings. It can also be grown from seed. The seeds are separated from ripe fruit by washing. They need to be planted fresh. Seeds germinate in 40-60 days. It can be used as a hedge.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cereus jamacaru leaf picture by Joao Victor Machado (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cereus jamacaru flower picture by Mayron Felipe Avila Mayron (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cereus jamacaru world distribution map, present in Brazil and South Africa

Conservation status

Cereus jamacaru threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0000597243
COL ID SXC7
BDTFX ID 102969
INPN ID 610710
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acanthocereus horribarbis Cactus jamacaru Cereus goiasensis Cereus horribarbis Piptanthocereus jamacaru Cereus glaucus Cereus lividus Cereus cauchinii Piptanthocereus goiasensis Cereus jamacaru subsp. goiasensis Cereus jamacaru var. caesius Cereus jamacaru var. glaucus Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. caesia Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. cyanea Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. glauca Cereus jamacaru

Lower taxons

Cereus jamacaru subsp. calcirupicola Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru