Chironia baccifera L.

Christmas berry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gentianaceae > Chironia

Characteristics

Suffrutex, bushy or diffuse, sometimes straggling, about 45 cm high, sometimes up to 1 m high; branchlets intricate or lax, angled or narrowly winged, minutely pellucid-papillose to a greater or lesser degree. Leaves thin to somewhat fleshy, sessile, semi-clasping at the base, linear to linear-oblong, 5-20 mm long, 1-2.5 mm broad, rarely up to 4 mm broad, divaricately spreading to reflexed from the base; margins revolute often minutely papillose, decurrent on the branchlets; upper surface convex with irregular transverse corrugations; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, decurrent on the branchlets; lower surface minutely papillose; apex broadly rounded or abruptly acuminate into an acute, hooked acumen. Flowers solitary, terminal, or in a 1-3-flowered terminal cyme. Pedicels varying in length, sometimes on the same plant, 2-2.5 mm long, with 6 or more acute longitudinal ridges. Calyx divided to below the middle, shorter than or up to about as long as the corolla tube; tube up to 1 mm long; lobes deltoid to deltoid-ovate or ovate-oblong 1.5-4 mm long, subacute to acute, apex usually hooked, carinate or midrib prominent, decurrent on the pedicel. Corolla pink, 1-1.5 cm long, deciduous by an uneven break near the base, gradually moving off the developing fruit; tube 3-5 mm long, distinctly narrowed above the ovary into a pale collar-like portion and then widening at the mouth; lobes contorted, obovate-oblong, 4.5-9 mm long, 2-4 mm broad, broadly rounded at the apex, sometimes unequally shallowly lobed or notched. Stamens inserted on the tube where it narrows above the ovary; filaments 2.5-4.5 mm long; anthers straight, erect, oblong, bright green or bright yellow, 2-4.5 mm long. Ovary globose, 1-celled, ovules numerous with parietal placentation; style 5-9 mm long; stigma terminal rounded, sometimes faintly 2-cleft. Fruit red when mature, drying black, globose to oblong-globose, berrylike in appearance, splitting irregularly; seeds many, black, pitted, arranged along thick parietal placentas (rarely a specimen of hybrid origin develops a large oblong fruit, broadly acuminate at the apex ).
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Perennial suffrutex, 0.1-1.0 m high. Leaves thin to ± fleshy, sessile, linear to linear-oblong, up to 20.0 x 2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, terminal or in 1-3-flowered cyme. Corolla pink, 10-15 mm long, gradually decreasing over developing fruit; tube narrowed above ovary, widening at mouth; lobes contorted. Stamens 5, arising from throat of corolla; anthers bright green or yellow. Ovary globose, 1-locular, placentation parietal, ovules many. Flowering time Aug.-Mar. Fruit a globose, berry-like capsule, splitting irregularly, red when mature, drying black. Seeds many, black, pitted.
A small shrub. It grows 1 m tall. The branches can be angled or with wings. The leaves are narrow and spreading. They are 5-20 mm long by 1-2.5 mm wide. The edges are curved. The flowers occur singly at the ends of branches. They are pink. The fruit are red when ripe. There are many seeds.
Shrublet, up to 1 m tall. Leaves linear, spreading. Flowers pink, corolla tube 3-5 mm long, constricted into a collar-like neck above ovary, stigma truncate. Fruit ± globose, berry-like, red.
Shrublet to 1 m. Leaves linear, spreading. Flowers pink, corolla tube 3-5 mm long, constricted above ovary, ovary and fruits rounded, stigma truncate. Fruits berry-like.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows on sandy flats.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw as a snack.
Uses medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
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Images

Chironia baccifera unspecified picture

Distribution

Chironia baccifera world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:366779-1
WFO ID wfo-0000602662
COL ID 5Y57V
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Roeslinia tetragona Roeslinia baccifera Chironia baccata Chironia baccifera Chironia parviflora Chironia baccifera var. burchellii Chironia baccifera var. dilatata Chironia baccifera var. elongata Chironia baccifera var. grandiflora