Cleome gynandra L.

Spiderwisp (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Cleomaceae > Cleome

Characteristics

Erect annual herb, 25-60 cm tall, much branched, sometimes becoming woody with age. Stems striate, viscid glandular-pubescent to glabrescent; pubescence of stipitate glands with scattered long multicellular hairs. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiolate; petioles 2-5 cm long, glandular-pubescent; leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, 2-10 cm long, 0.8-4 cm broad, glabrescent to finely glandular on the under surface, often with scattered multicellular hairs on the main nerves below, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate, margin repand-denticulate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, many-flowered, elongating in fruit; bracts 3-foliolate to simple above, resembling the leaves but smaller and sessile; pedicels 1-2 cm long, glandular-puberulous. Sepals lanceolate, 2-4 mm long, acuminate, glandular. Petals white, sometimes fading rose-pink, obovate-oblanceolate, 1-2 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, rounded at the apex, abruptly narrowed to a basal claw equalling or exceeding the lamina. Stamens 6, all fertile, borne on an androgynophore 1-2 cm long; filaments purplish, 8-13 mm long; anthers 2 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong, 2-2.5 mm long, glandular; gynophore 2 mm long, elongating to 2 cm in fruit; style very short; stigma capitate. Capsule linear, suberect to spreading, 3-15 cm long, 2.5-5 mm broad; persistent style 2 mm long; valves thin-textured, glandular-pubescent, longitudinal nerves anastomosing. Seeds brown, circular in outline, 1.5 mm in diameter, surface obscurely reticulate-rugose.
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Erect, mostly widely branched, annual herb, 15-80 cm. Stem glandular-pubescent to glabrous. Normal leaves with 5 leaflets, lowest and upper with 3, towards and in the inflorescence diminishing in size; leaflets thinly herbaceous, about twice as long as wide, obovate, c. 2-7.5 by 1—3.75 cm, base cuneate, top rounded arid ± distinctly acuminate, ciliate to denticulate; nerves 5-8 pairs; petiole 2-10 cm, petiolules 1-3 mm, webbing at the base, densely glandular puberulous. Flowers in long, corymbose racemes, nocturnal. Pedicels thin, 1½-2½ cm, glandular-puberulous. Sepals 2½-5 by 0.5-1.5 mm, acute, puberulous, ciliate. Petals with open aestivation, all pointed upwards towards the adaxial side, elliptic with narrowed base and rounded top, 1.5-5 mm stalked, 7-15 mm long in all, 1.5-4 mm broad. Androgynophore 9-16 mm. Stamens 6; filaments 1.5-2 cm; anthers linear, 2-3 mm long. Gynophore 1-2 mm; ovary cylindric, c. 3 by 0.5 mm, in some flowers (especially the apical ones) sessile and reduced. In fruit pedicels 1-3 cm, androgynophore 13-20 mm, gynophore 4-10 mm. Fruit cylindrical, tapering to both ends, 2-11 cm by 3-4(-6) mm; beak 1-4 mm; valves with longitudinal, centripetal veins. Seeds depressed-globular, c. 1 1/3 mm diam., with a shallow and narrow cleft, black-brown, with many superficial concentric ribs and numerous irregular distinct cross-ribs. No elaiosome.
Erect, annual herb, to 1.3 m high, glandular-pubescent, unarmed, foetid. Leaves 3–7-foliolate, petiolate; petioles to 10 cm long; leaflets oblanceolate, elliptic or rhomboidal, acuminate to acute, sometimes rounded annd apiculate; to 7 cm long, 4 cm wide; entire to irregularly dentate, glandular-ciliate; surfaces glabrous to glandular-pubescent especially along abaxial venation. Inflorescence a bracteate raceme. Sepals elliptic to obovate, 3–6 mm long, glandular-pubescent. Corolla open in bud; petals 6–20 mm long, claw c. ½ of length; lamina broadly ovate to suborbicular, white or pink, sometimes yellow or purple. Stamens 6; filaments fused basally to gynophore; androgynophore c. ½ of gynophore; all lengthening greatly following anthesis; anthers 2–3 mm long, straight; androgynophore to 25 mm long, glabrous; free filaments to 25 mm long. Ovary glandular-pubescent. Siliqua linear, straight to curved, erect to spreading, 4–10 cm long, 3–6 mm wide; pedicels 12–25 mm long; gynophore to 20 mm long; valves finely longitudinally striate, glandular-puberulous; stigma subsessile to sessile. Seeds suborbicular, 1–1.5 mm long, rugose to tuberculate; cleft open to closed but not fused; aril absent.
An annual herb. It grows to 0.6-0.9 m. It has a long tap root. It is erect and somewhat hairy. It usually has purple stems. The leaves occur one after another along the stalk. The leaf stalk is long. There are 5-7 leaflets which are unequal and spread out at the end. They are oblong and about 2.5-6 cm long by 1.4-3.2 cm wide. The leaflets are pointed at the base and a rounder near the tip with a rounder point at the tip. There are fine teeth along the edges of the leaves. The flowers are white or purple They occur in long flower clusters at the end of branches. These are 30 cm long. The flower clusters are showy with white or purplish flowers and a spidery like appearance. The fruit are a slender capsule with 2 valves and with many small seeds. They are 5-10 cm long and very narrow. The seeds are kidney shaped and rough. They are brown and have fine lines along them. They are 1-1.5 mm across.
Annual herb, 0.25-0.60 m high, erect, much branched, sometimes becoming woody with age. Stems striate, viscid glandular-pubescent to glabrescent. Leaves petiolate; 3-5-foliate, leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, glabrescent to finely glandular on the under surface, often with scattered multicellular hairs on the main nerves below, margins repand-denticulate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Sepals lanceolate-acuminate, glandular. Petals white, obovate-oblanceolate. Stamens 6; filaments purplish. Ovary linear-oblong, glandular. Fruit a linear capsule, style persistent. Seeds brown, circular.
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems erect, viscid glandular-pubescent to glabrescent. Leaves 3-5-foliolate; petiolate; blade obovate to narrowly obovate, terminal leaflet up to 40 x 20 mm; petiole 20-50 mm long, glandular-pubescent. Flowers: stamens borne on long androphore, well exserted from corolla; petals obovate, 10-20 x 3-5 mm, white to rose-pink; Nov.-Apr. Fruit 30150 x 2.5-5.0 mm; seeds brown, circular, obscurely reticulate-rugose.
Erect annual herb, up to 250 mm tall. Stems glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets linear-filiform. Petals 5-8 mm long. Flowers pink to mauve.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.9 - 1.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It commonly occurs as a self sown weed on cultivated land. It grows in warm or tropical regions. It grows at a range of elevations but especially above 600 m altitude. It will grow in semi arid, to wet humid climates. It will grow on many soil types, but needs fertile soil for good leaf production. A temperature of 18-25°C seems best. Plants need plenty of sunlight. They are not drought resistant but can produce a crop with short periods of rain. Plants cannot withstand flooding. A common weed of waste places throughout the Philippines as well as other tropical countries. It is often abundant near the sea and near Baguio. It can grow in arid places. In Yunnan. In Ethiopia it grows between 450-1,300 m above sea level.
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A weed, in dry rice-fields, along roadsides, near houses, from the lowlands up to c. 500 m. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
Open areas, waste places, cultivated and uncultivated land; to an elevation of 300 metres in Nepal.
Open areas and uncultivated land to an elevation of 300 metres in Nepal.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten. If they are cooked the bitter taste is reduced. They are also used in flavouring sauces. The leaves are also blanched, dried and stored. The flowers can be eaten. Young pods are also eaten. The oil from the seeds is edible without needing to be refined. The leaves can be candied in vinegar or in salt water, then eaten with fish. The seeds are used as a spice in curries. Caution: Fresh plants can contain hydrocyanic acid and should be cooked.
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Uses. Some minor medicinal applications are mentioned by BURKILL Dict. 1 1935 1119 and HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 681 . According to OCHSE & BAKH. Ind. Groenten 1931 96 f. 57 , the bitter leaves are prepared by boiling and salting as a vegetable, especially in Java.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use essential oil fodder food food additive gene source material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil ornamental poison spice vertebrate poison
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods roots seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Earache (fruit), Headache (fruit), Hemorrhoids (fruit), Leprosy (fruit), Malaria (fruit), Otitis (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Anticonvulsants (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Earache (leaf), Fever (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Neuralgia (leaf), Otitis (leaf), Pain (leaf), Scorpion stings (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Sprains and strains (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Urinary bladder calculi (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Analgesics (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Cough (root), Earache (root), Fever (root), Headache (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Leprosy (root), Malaria (root), Otitis (root), Skin diseases (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Anticonvulsants (seed), Antipyretics (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Common cold (seed), Cough (seed), Diuretics (seed), Earache (seed), Fever (seed), Flatulence (seed), Headache (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Hypohidrosis (seed), Insecticides (seed), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (seed), Counterirritant (seed), Leprosy (seed), Lice infestations (seed), Malaria (seed), Otitis (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Sprains and strains (seed), Typhoid fever (seed), Antipyretics (stem), Antirheumatic agents (stem), Earache (stem), Headache (stem), Hemorrhoids (stem), Leprosy (stem), Malaria (stem), Otitis (stem), Skin diseases (stem), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Ache(Stomach)(Veterinary) (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Chills (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Pediculicide (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Antiscorbutic (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Anthelminthic (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antiparasitic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchial diseases (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified), Hypohidrosis (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Peptic ulcer (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant), Insecticides (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The plant is grown from seed. The seed are broadcast. Fertile soil is needed to get plants with good leaf coverage. The seed germinate erratically, because the seed have a rest period after harvest. Seed germinate best 6 months after harvest. Once they are ready to grow, they germinate in 4-5 days. Leaves or whole plants can be harvested when 15 cm high. Picking out the tops encourages side growth and longer leaf production. Removing flowers extends the harvest period.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 8 - 10
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 22
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cleome gynandra habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cleome gynandra leaf picture by Andrew Helbig (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra leaf picture by Arvind Kulkarni (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cleome gynandra flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra flower picture by Moises Seijas (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra flower picture by RIYAZ (రియాజ్) PASHA (పాషా) (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cleome gynandra fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Cleome gynandra fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cleome gynandra world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, United Arab Emirates, French Southern Territories, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bermuda, Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Cuba, Dominica, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, French Guiana, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60518-2
WFO ID wfo-0000611317
COL ID VZ54
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447079
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pedicellaria gynandra Cleome alliacea Cleome alliodora Cleome flexuosa Cleome muricata Gynandropsis affinis Gynandropsis ophitocarpa Gynandropsis sinica Cleome acuta Cleome affinis Cleome candelabrum Cleome eckloniana Cleome heterotricha Cleome oleracea Cleome pentaphylla Cleome rosea Cleome triphylla Gynandropsis candelabrum Gynandropsis gynandra Gynandropsis heterotricha Gynandropsis muricata Gynandropsis triphylla Gynandropsis viscida Sinapistrum pentaphyllum Podogyne pentaphylla Gynandropsis palmipes Gynandropsis pentaphylla Gymnogonia pentaphylla Gynandropsis pentaphylla Pedicellaria pentaphylla Cleome blumeana Cleome bungei Cleome denticulata Cleome pubescens Gynandropsis denticulata Gynandropsis glandulosa Cleome pentaphylla var. glabra Cleome pentaphylla var. hirsuta Cleome gynandra