Cleome hirta (Klotzsch) Oliv.

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Cleomaceae > Cleome

Characteristics

Erect, somewhat woody herb, 50-180 cm tall, sparingly branched. Stems striate, viscid glandular-hirsute. Leaves aromatic, 5-9-foliolate, petiolate, viscid glandular-pubescent; petioles up to 7 cm long; leaflets linear, linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 1-5.5 cm long, 0.5-5 mm broad, decreasing in size upwards and passing gradually into the sessile bracts; subacute to rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, elongating considerably in fruit; bracts similar to the leaves but smaller, sessile and usually 3-foliolate, occasionally simple or 5-foliolate; pedicels slender, 1.2-1.8 cm long, glandular-pubescent. Sepals linear, 0.8-1.2 cm long, subulate, glandular-pubescent without. Petals oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5-1.9 cm long, 3-4 mm broad, pink to purplish, paler towards the base with a yellow zone across the middle, distinctly clawed at the base for about one third the length of the petal, rounded at the apex. Stamens 10-12; filaments slender, approximately equal in length and thickness, glandular-pubescent towards the base, up to 2.5 cm long, exserted; anthers subequal, 2 mm long. Ovary linear, glandular-pubescent, 1 mm long, on a gynophore about 2 mm long; style about 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma subcapitate. Capsule narrowly linear, 10-16 cm long, 3-4 mm broad, straight or slightly curved, spreading; gynophore 0.5-2 cm long; valves glandular-pubescent or glabrescent with 7-9 longitudinal nerves. Seeds dark brown, almost circular in outline, somewhat flattened, 2-2.5 mm in diameter, with conspicuous rugose-tuberculate transverse ridges.
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Annual or short-lived perennial herb, well branched, up to 1.5 m. tall, viscid.. Stem densely covered with glandular hairs and stalked glands.. Leaves petiolate, 5–7(–9)-foliolate; leaflets linear or narrowly linear-elliptic, l–5(–9) cm. long, 1–4 mm. wide, with the margin sometimes uneven, sparsely to densely glandular-hairy; petiole 0.5–6 cm. long.. Inflorescence 10–30 cm. or more long; bracts leafy, but mostly much smaller than the leaves.. Sepals linear, 4–6(–8) mm. long, usually glandular.. Petals 1–1.8 cm. long, magenta, mauve, purple or pink.. Stamens (6–8–)10–12; filaments glandular, at least at the base.. Gynophore 4–15 mm. long, commonly shorter than the pedicel.. Capsules 6–12 cm. long, glandular.. Seeds ± 2 mm. in diameter, glabrous, with fine longitudinal striations and irregular, usually pronounced transverse ridges.. Fig. 2/4, p. 10.
Leaves 5–7–9-foliolate, on glandular, hairy petioles up to 7 cm. long but often less: leaflets 0.5–5.5 x 0.05–0.5 cm., linear, linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, subacute or rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, glandular-hairy on both sides or sometimes glabrescent, decreasing in size upwards and passing into the sessile bracts which are commonly 3-foliolate but occasionally simple or 5-foliolate.
A small herb. It grows 1 m high. The branches have lines along them. They are hairy. The leaves have 5-9 small leaflets. It is sticky to the touch. The leaflets are 1-5 cm long by 0.1-0.5 cm wide. They are narrow and sword shaped. They are wedge shaped at the base. The flower are at the top. The petals are pink or purple. The fruit is a capsule 16 cm long by 0.4 cm wide. The seeds are about 2 mm across.
Erect herb, up to 500 mm tall. Stems viscid glandular-hirsute. Leaves 5-9-foliolate. Petals clawed, at least 2 median petals with yellow band across middle. Capsule 90-150 mm long. Flowers pink to purple.
Capsule up to 16 x 0.4 cm., linear, on a glandular gynophore 0.5–2.0 cm. long; valves glandular-pubescent or glabrescent, with 7–9 anastomosing, longitudinal nerves; persistent style 3–5 mm. long.
Petals up to 1.9 x 0.4 cm., purplish or pink, paler towards the base, with a lanceolate-oblong lamina rounded at the apex and with a distinct basal claw from 1/3 to almost as long as the lamina.
Stamens 10–12, filaments up to c. 2.5 cm. long, purplish, very slender, often glandular-pubescent towards the base, exserted; anther-thecae c. 2 mm. long, linear-oblong.
Inflorescence a terminal raceme which is moderately dense at first but eventually becomes greatly elongated in fruit; pedicels slender, glandular-pubescent.
Ovary linear, glandular-pubescent, with a short, glandular gynophore c. 2 mm. long even when young; style c. 2 mm. long, glabrous; stigma subcapitate.
Seeds 2––2.5 mm. in diam., transversely tuberculate-rugose with a very minute, mealy-glandular pubescence visible at a x 40 magnification.
Coarse, aromatic, viscid, erect herb up to 1.6 m. tall; branches striate, pubescent with gland-tipped hairs.
Sepals up to 1.2 cm. long, linear, subulate towards the apex, glandular-hairy outside.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. It grows in the grassy savannah and swamps in West Africa. It is in lower rainfall areas. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 150-750 mm per year. It grows from sea level to 1,800 m above sea level. It needs well-drained soils. It can grow in arid places.
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Disturbed areas in dry savannah grassland, particularly along roadsides. A farm weed and common near cattle enclosures at elevations from sea level to 1,800 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-10

Usage

The leaves are eaten cooked. They are collected, wilted, chopped and boiled and mixed with other vegetables.
Uses food gene source material medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 24 - 25
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cleome hirta unspecified picture

Distribution

Cleome hirta world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147095-1
WFO ID wfo-0000611334
COL ID VZ5L
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cleome giorgii Cleome glandulosissima Polanisia hirta Cleome bechuanensis Cleome hildebrandtii Cleome hirta Cleome pulcherrima Decastemon hirtus Cleome scheffleri