Cleome maculata (Sond.) Szyszyl.

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Cleomaceae > Cleome

Characteristics

Erect, annual herb 12-30 cm tall, branched. Stems striate, glabrous or minutely and sparsely asperulous. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiolate; petioles up to 2.5 cm long; leaflets linear, 1-4.5 cm long, 0.5-1.5 mm broad, subacute, glabrous to minutely and sparsely asperulous. Inflorescence a lax terminal raceme; bracts simple, linear, 1 mm long, caducous; pedicels up to 1 cm long, equalling or longer than the gynophore, slender, glabrous to sparsely puberulous. Sepals 1.5-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous on keel and margins; receptacle widened into an adaxial, minute pouch. Petals oblong-elliptic 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 mm broad, rounded at the apex, tapering into a basal claw about as long as the lamina, pink to mauve, the two slightly shorter upper ones having a median yellow band margined with purple. Stamens 6-8; the 2-4 fertile ones longer; filaments slender, declinate and then curved upwards about the middle, as long as the petals and with anthers 2 mm long; the 2-4 sterile stamens shorter nd more slender with a clavate swelling at the top of the filaments and with abortive anthers about 0.75 mm long which are occasionally partly fertile. Ovary linear, sparsely puberulous, 1 mm long, on a short gynophore about 0.5 mm long; style about 1 mm long; stigma subcapitate. Capsule narrowly linear, 4-10 cm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, straight spreading; gynophore up to 1 cm long; valves glabrous to sparingly puberulous with 3 or 4 longitudinal nerves; style slender, up to 7 mm long. Seeds brown, circular in outline, slightly flattened, transversely ridged.
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Annual herb, up to 300 mm high. Stems erect; glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Leaves 3-5-foliolate; petiolate; leaflets linear, 10-45 x 0.5-1.5 mm; petiole up to 25 mm long. Flowers: stamens fertile and sterile, borne on short receptacle, fertile ones longer than sterile ones; petals pink to mauve; two upper petals with a median yellow band, margined with purple; Dec.-Apr. Fruit 4-10 x 2.5-3.0 mm; seeds brown, ± circular, transversely ridged.
A small herb. It grows 30 cm high. It grows each year from seed. The stem is thin and light green with lines along them. The leaves are compound with 3-5 narrow leaflets. The leaflets are 4-5 cm long by about 1 mm wide. The flowers are in a loose group at the ends of the branches. The flowers are pink or red. The fruit is a narrow capsule.
Stamens 6–8, slightly connate at the base; 2–4 longer and fertile on slender filaments, as long as the petals; anther-thecae c. 2 mm. long, linear-oblong; 2–4 sterile stamens slightly shorter with a clavate swelling at the top of the filaments and reduced, abortive anther-thecae up to 0.75 mm. long which are occasionally partially fertile.
Petals pink to violet, the two slightly shorter upper ones having a median, bright yellow, dark violet or purple-margined band, 1–1.5 x 0.15–0.25 cm.; lamina oblong-elliptic, blunt at the apex or somewhat apiculate, with a basal claw as long as or almost as long as the lamina.
Erect annual herb, up to 300 mm tall. Leaves 3-5-fo-liolate. Two upper petals with median yellow band margined with purple. Stamens fertile and sterile, borne on short receptacle, fertile ones longer. Flowers pink to mauve.
Capsule 4–10 x 0.25 cm., on a glabrous gynophore up to 1 cm. long; valves linear, tapering to both ends, very sparsely puberulous or glabrous, with 3–4 longitudinal nerves; persistent style up to 7 mm. long.
Leaves 3–5-foliolate, leaflets 1–3.5 x 0.05–0.15 cm., linear, subacute, minutely and sparsely asperous-puberulous or glabrous; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long.
Inflorescence of lax terminal racemes; bracts up to 1 mm. long, linear, caducous; pedicels up to 7 mm. long, slender, sparsely setulose-puberulous.
Erect annual herb c. 0.3 m. tall, usually branched; stems striate, glabrous or minutely and sparsely asperous.
Ovary linear, sparsely puberulous, on a gynophore c. 0.5 mm. long; style c. 1 mm. long; stigma subcapitate.
Sepals 1.5–2 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, acute, setulose-puberulous on the keel and margins.
Seeds brown, c. 1.5 mm. in diam., transversely ridged.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Sandy plains, especially where these are situated within hilly regions; rocky habitats (rock crevices and rocky hillslopes). A weed of disturbed sandy soils.
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It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in sandy soil.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 6-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten.
Uses food
Edible flowers leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cleome maculata unspecified picture

Distribution

Cleome maculata world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147165-1
WFO ID wfo-0000611416
COL ID 5YYXB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Chilocalyx maculatus Cleome maculata Polanisia maculata Tetratelia maculata