Cleome spinosa Jacq.

Spiny spiderflower (en), Cléome épineux (fr), Tarénaya épineux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Cleomaceae > Cleome

Characteristics

Relatively stout herbs as much as 1.5 m. tall; stems conspicuously glandular-pubescent, armed with prominent paired thorns at the nodes; leaves alternate, petiolate, palmately compound, the petioles 2-8 cm. long, glandular-pubescent and usually armed with rather stout, yellow thorns, the leaflets 5-7, elliptic-oblanceo-late, acute, narrowly cuneate, 2-10 cm. long, conspicuously pubescent and the midribs occasionally aculeolate beneath; inflorescence a many-flowered, corymbose raceme, the peduncle densely glandular-pubescent, greatly elongating in fruit, the bracts foliaceous, sessile and more or less cordate, 0.1-3.0 cm. long, the pedicels about 2 cm. long, glandular-puberulent; sepals 4, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, about 5-8 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent; petals obovate-spatulate, 1-2 cm. long, unguiculate, the claw about I/4 as long as the blade, bright pink, occasionally white; stamens 6, the filaments attached somewhat above the base of the andro-gynophore, somewhat longer than the petals, the anthers about 8 mm. long; disc very inconspicuous, not obvious in fruit; ovary about 3 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma sessile, the gynophore about 2 cm. long, somewhat accrescent in fruit; silique narrowly fusiform, 5-12 cm. long, about 2-4 mm. thick, continuous or slightly moniliform, glabrous or somewhat glandular-puberulent; seeds cochleate-reniform, about 2 mm. long, light buff, smooth or minutely tuberculate; fruiting gynophores 2-3 cm. long, about equaling the pedicels or slightly longer, somewhat deflexed.
More
Herb 1—1.25 m. Stems vigorous, glandular-pubescent. Stipular thorns minute (some petioles without) to 4 mm long, sharp, recurved. Leaves much reduced towards the inflorescence; leaflets 5-7, herbaceous, lanceolate, slightly webbed at the base, sparsely glandular-hairy, central leaflet largest, 6-8(-10) by 1.75-2.25(-3) cm; base cuneate, decurrent, top attenuate, acute, mucronate; nerves 10-15 pairs; petiole c. 5-10 cm, sometimes with scattered prickles as the midrib beneath. Racemes up to 40 cm. Flowers subtended by sub-sessile, ovate-oblong, sparsely glandular-hairy bracts, gradually diminishing in size from 2 to 0.5 cm. Pedicels 2-3 cm, short glandular-hairy. Buds cylindrical, c. 2.75 cm by 4 mm, glabrous; petals imbricate, androgynophore with the base of the stamens bulging out at the anterior side shortly before anthesis. Sepals patent, narrow-triangular, (4-)6-7 mm, glandular-hairy outside. Petals glabrous, on a filiform claw (5-)10-12 mm, blade oblong, ± asymmetrical, 10-17 by 4-6 mm, with cuneate base and rounded top. Stamens 6; androgynophore 1-2 mm, glabrous; filaments filiform, 3.5-4 cm; anthers linear, 7-8 mm. Gynophore glabrous, in flower c. 4 cm, in fruit to 5.5 cm; ovary linear, c. 4 mm, glabrous. Fruits patent, cylindrical, blunt at both ends, 5.5-6.5 cm by 4 mm, valves finely and densely nerved. Seeds asymmetrical, 2 mm diam., almost smooth, concentric and cross ribs subprominent; elaiosome not present.
A small herb. It grows 60-90 cm high. It spreads 1.2 m wide. The stems are slender. It has prickly stems. The leaves are large. They have 5-7 lobes. The flowers are pink to white or purple. They are in clusters at the top of the plant.
Much-branched erect herb, up to 3–5 ft.
Flowers white to pink.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is best in a well-drained, moist soil. It needs a sunny position. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought. It grows in tropical America.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 11-12

Usage

Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Cataplasm (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Repellant(Tick) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cleome spinosa habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cleome spinosa leaf picture by Felipe Domingos de Souza Felipe (cc-by-sa)
Cleome spinosa leaf picture by Neves Vinícius (cc-by-sa)
Cleome spinosa leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Cleome spinosa flower picture by K O (cc-by-sa)
Cleome spinosa flower picture by Naomi Velásquez (cc-by-sa)
Cleome spinosa flower picture by Naomi Velásquez (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cleome spinosa fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cleome spinosa world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Gabon, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, India, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Myanmar, Montserrat, Martinique, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60589-2
WFO ID wfo-0000611610
COL ID VZC7
BDTFX ID 82801
INPN ID 448179
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cleome erucago Cleome sandwicensis Cleome tonduzii Cleome heptaphylla Cleome pungens Tarenaya spinosa Neocleome spinosa Cleome pubescens Cleome spinosa f. pungens Cleome spinosa Cleome pungens var. swartziana Cleome spinosa var. subinermis Cleome spinosa var. horrida Cleome spinosa