Crateva religiosa G.Forst.

Sacred garlic pear (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Crateva

Characteristics

Tree (1-)5-15(-30) m. Stipules 0.5-1 mm, subulate. Leaflets thin-herbaceous, when dry on both sides of the same greenish colour, much varying in size on one and the same tree, (5.5-)8½-16(-27) by (3-)4-10.5 cm, central leaflet oblong, obovate, the base narrowly decurrent, the apex shortly (incidentally up to 2.5 cm) acuminate, often mucronulate; nerves 7-11 pairs; petiole (3¼-)6½-10 cm, on sterile twigs often longer, up to 22 cm; petiolules 0-5(-13) mm. Flowers with a few to over a dozen; rachis 3-5(-14) cm; lower flowers inserted above the axil of normal leaves, the others subtended by an early caducous bract. Pedicels 2-9 cm. Bracts 10 by 1-1.5 mm, 3-5 mm petioled. Sepals ovate, obtuse to acute, 4-7 by 1.5-3 mm. Petals once recorded orange, 5-20 mm stalked, blade broadly ovate to elliptic, acute to obtuse, upper pair 2-3(-4) by 1-2(-2.3) cm, lower pair 1½-2 by 1-1.5 cm, nerves 4-6 pairs. Stamens (10-)13—18(-30); filaments 4.5-11.5 cm, pink or purple towards the top; anthers 2.5-6 by 1.5 mm, sometimes recurved. Gynophore 4-7 cm; ovary 4-6 by 1.5-2.5 mm, subcylindrical, sometimes ovoid, contracted below the stigma 1.5 mm in diam. Pedicel in fruit (4-)5-7.5(-8) cm, 3-4(-5) mm thick; torus 7-11 mm wide; gynophore 5.5-8.5(-14) cm long, sometimes cylindrical, c. 3-5 mm diam., or gradually thickened and up to 1 cm thick at the top. Fruit subglobular to (ob-) ovoid, 6-12(-15) by 5.5-9.5 cm, wall in the unripe stage up to 7 mm thick, at maturity probably not thicker than 1-1.5 mm, smooth when very young but soon covered with flat, pale, dry papillae, sometimes giving the impression of a thin, dull, yellowish grey crust. Seeds more or less asymmetrically cordate, 10-19 by 5-17 mm diam. and 4-8 mm thick, dor sally with a keel rather narrow and sparsely tuberculate to very broad and densely tuberculate (sometimes rather smooth), the sides smooth to shallowly grooved.
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Trees 3-15 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h. Twigs light greenish to yellowish green when dried, with gray elongated lenticels. Petiole (5-)6-7(-10) cm, adaxially with minute triangular glands near rachis; petiolules 3-5(-7) mm; leaflet blades (4-)5.5-7(-10) × (2-)3-4 cm, 2-2.5 × as long as wide, thin and leathery, abaxially gray, adaxially dull green, midvein reddish, secondary veins 5-10 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins obvious, apex acuminate to abruptly acuminate. Inflorescences racemes or corymbs, 10-25-flowered, with branchlet just below flowers having fewer leaves; axis 3-7 cm, after flowering little elongated, often marked with pedicel scars; bracts 0.8-1.5 cm, leaflike or slender, caducous. Flowers open as leaves emerge. Pedicel 2-5[-9?] cm. Sepals ovate, 2-4.5 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate. Petal white to yellow, claw 3.5-5 mm, blade 1.5-2.2 cm. Stamens 16-22[-30]; filaments 3-6 cm; anthers 2-3 mm. Gynophore 3.5-6.5 cm; ovary ovoid to subcylindric, 3-4 × 1-2 mm. Fruit ovoid to obovoid, 1.8-2.6[-3.5] cm; pericarp 5-10 mm thick, apically scabrous and gray to dust-colored with nearly circular ash-yellow flecks; stipe 2.5-3 mm in diam., thickened, woody. Seeds 25-30 per fruit, dark brown, 1.2-1.8 cm, tuberculate. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Aug(-Oct). 2n = 26.
Tree to 30 m tall. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets subsessile, herbaceous, variable, mostly obovate, acute, 5.5–18 cm long, 2.5–7 cm wide, with 7–11 pairs of nerves; base acuminate; petiole to 10 cm long, glands small, triangular or absent. Inflorescence terminal on leafy twigs. Sepals ovate, 4–10 mm long. Petals white to orange; claw 5–20 mm long; lamina elliptic to broadly ovate, the upper 2–4.5 cm long, the lower pair 1.5–3 cm long. Stamens 10–30; androgynophore 1–4 mm long; filaments red, to 11.5 cm long. Gynophore red, 4–7 cm long; ovary cylindrical-ovoid, 4–6 mm long. Fruit elongate to subglobose 3–20 cm long, 3–9.5 cm wide; pericarp white and smooth becoming papillate and yellow-grey when older. Seeds somewhat flattened, cordate, axis through attachment 5–17 mm long, 4–8 mm thick, usually with a tuberculate dorsal keel, sides smooth to grooved.
An evergreen or deciduous tree. It grows up to 7-15 m tall and 45 cm across the trunk. The tree spreads to 2-4 m across. The stem is erect and the bark is smooth, with branches low down. The leaves have long petioles, 2-9 cm long. The leaves are divided into 3 leaflets growing from the same point. The leaflets are pointed at the base and have a slender point at the tip. The two halves of the leaflets are unequal in size. The leaflets are 5-27 cm long by 3-10 cm wide. The leaves are light green. The flowers are white, then yellow, turning pale violet and they are large, up to 5-7 cm across. They are borne in large bunches 3-14 cm long. These are near the ends of branches. The fruit is rounded and about 6-15 cm long by 5-9 cm across. They are sausage shaped. The fruit is edible. There are many seeds, which are kidney shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 11.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to SE Asia and Australia. It prefers moist soils and an open sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. It can tolerate temporary flooding. Found in waste places near streams and in areas of shrubs, near the sea from northern Luzon to Masbate and Palawan and probably also in Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. In Nepal it grows to about 1500 m altitude. It needs a temperature above 15°C.
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The species seems to be frequent in Borneo, New Guinea, and the Solomon Is where it is often found in periodically inundated forest along rivers, rarely in secondary or primary dryland forest; one record from the beach in Sarawak, where it seems to attain smaller size. Mostly below 100 m, but up to 700 m. Fl. fr. in all months. Incidentally cultivated.
Roadsides and fields at elevations below 200 metres in southern China. Found in periodically inundated forest, usually below 100 metres, but also occurring up to 700 metres. Humid river valleys, open monsoon forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses. In the Solomon Is the leaves are heated and applied in case of ear-ache, and the fruits are used against constipation. In Yap the fruits are eaten. The raw fruit is used as fish-bait in W. Borneo.BURKILL briefly refers (under C. macrocarpa) to occult power ascribed to Crateva species in India and Polynesia where it is planted round temples, to which also FORSTER'S epithet refers ( BURKILL Dict. 1935 676 ).
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The fruit are edible. The tender leaves and buds are boiled and squeezed to lessen the bitterness then cooked as a vegetable or pickled. The flowers are pickled and eaten.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food material medicinal poison social use wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Abdominal swelling (bark), Abdominal pain (bark), Abscess (bark), Hair loss (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Antipruritics (bark), Appetite stimulants (bark), Asthma (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Calculi (bark), Cardiotonic agents (bark), Contraceptive agents (bark), Cough (bark), Demulcents (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diphtheria (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dracunculiasis (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Dysuria (bark), Edema (bark), Epididymitis (bark), Expectorants (bark), Fatigue (bark), Fever (bark), Flatulence (bark), Gout (bark), Helminthiasis (bark), Inflammation (bark), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (bark), Irritable bowel syndrome (bark), Kidney calculi (bark), Kidney diseases (bark), Labor pain (bark), Laxatives (bark), Lithiasis (bark), Liver diseases (bark), Neoplasms (bark), Pectoralis muscles (bark), Pharyngitis (bark), Postnatal care (bark), Pregnancy complications (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Snake bites (bark), Spasm (bark), Stomach diseases (bark), Hydrocele (bark), Tuberculosis, lymph node (bark), Urinary bladder calculi (bark), Urinary bladder diseases (bark), Urinary tract infections (bark), Urination disorders (bark), Urolithiasis (bark), Vomiting (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Antiperiodic (bark), Astringents (flower), Cholagogues and choleretics (flower), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Carbuncle (leaf), Dracunculiasis (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Periodontal diseases (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Diphtheria (root), Counterirritant (root), Pharyngitis (root), Kidney calculi (stem), Urinary bladder calculi (stem), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Alopecia (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Digestion (unspecified), Epididymitis (unspecified), Hydrocoele (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Fishbait (unspecified), Hair loss (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Dracunculiasis (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Irritable bowel syndrome (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Hydrocele (unspecified), Urinary bladder calculi (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Lithiasis (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seed need to be sown while fresh. Plants can be grown from cuttings or root suckers.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Crateva religiosa unspecified picture

Distribution

Crateva religiosa world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Bhutan, China, Germany, Fiji, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Indonesia, India, Iraq, Iceland, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Chad, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Samoa

Conservation status

Crateva religiosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147489-1
WFO ID wfo-0000625724
COL ID Z96M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447067
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crateva macrocarpa Crateva membranifolia Crateva hansemannii Crateva religiosa Crateva speciosa Crateva brownii