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Perennial, coarse. Culms solitary or tufted, erect or geniculate at base, 40–140 cm tall. Leaf sheaths strongly keeled; leaf blades flat, (6–)10–30 cm × 4–9 mm, abaxial surface scabrid along midrib and margin; ligule 4–8 mm. Panicle oblong to ovate in outline, 5–15 cm; branches single or rarely paired at base, (3–)5–15 cm, horizontal or ascending, lower part naked, upper part with dense fascicles of spikelets. Spikelets oblong to wedge-shaped, 5–9 mm, florets closely overlapping, green or purplish; glumes 4–5(–6.5) mm, scabrid or ciliolate along keel, margins membranous, apex acute to acuminate; lemmas 4–7 mm, lowest subequal to spikelet, scabrid or flanks short-pilose, apex with stout awn up to 1.5 mm. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 14, 28, 42.
Densely, coarsely tufted, rhizomatous perennial, 0.15-0.80(-1.40) m high; rhizome oblique. Leaf blade 100-450 x 2-14 mm, flat or folded, or involute; ligule an unfringed membrane, 2-10 mm long. Inflorescence a panicle, 50-300 mm long, lowest branches usually solitary, remote and bare at base, spikelets almost sessile in dense, secund clusters on panicle branches. Spikelets 5-9 mm long, laterally compressed; glumes acuminate, mucronate or shortly awned, awn up to 1.5 mm long, strongly keeled, keels finely or coarsely ciliate. Florets 2-7; lemma strongly keeled, entire, awn 0.5-1.5 mm long, not twisted below, shorter than body of lemma; anther 3.0-4.0 mm long. Flowering time July, Aug., Nov.-Feb.
Densely, coarsely tufted perennial 150-800(-1400) mm high; rhizome oblique. Leaf blade 100-450 x 2-14 mm, flat or folded, or involute, pilose on the upper surface; glabrous, shining and smooth on the lower surface; ligule 2-10 mm long. Inflorescence 50-300 mm long, one-sided, lowest branches usually solitary, remote and bare at the base; spikelets almost sessile, in dense one-sided clusters. Spikelet 5-9 mm long, 3-5(-7)-flowered, laterally compressed; glumes acuminate to mucronate or awned; awn short, up to 1.5 mm, strongly keeled, keels rough or hairy; lemma strongly keeled; awn 0.5-1.5 mm long, shorter than lemma body; anthers 3-4 mm long.
Coarsely tufted perennial.. Culms 15–140 cm. high, erect or spreading, slender to stout, the vegetative shoots strongly compressed.. Leaf-blades 10–45 cm. long and 2–14 mm. wide, at first folded, glabrous; sheaths strongly compressed and keeled.. Panicle oblong to ovate, 2–30 cm. long; the branches close together and spike-like or usually with the lower distant and bare at the base.. Spikelets oblong or wedge-shaped, 5–9 mm. long; glumes lanceolate to ovate, ciliate on the keel, finely pointed; lemmas lanceolate to oblong in side view, 4–7 mm. long, the keel ciliate or rough, tipped with a rigid awn up to 1.5 mm. long.. Fig. 16, p. 44.
Perennial; up to 0.8 m high; densely and coarsely tufted; or with oblique rhizome. Leaf blades 100-450 x 2-14 mm; folded at first; pilose on upper surface; glabrous; shining and smooth below; ligule membranous; 2-10 mm long. Flowers: panicle open or contracted; racemes closely spaced; lowest usually solitary; remote and bare at base; spikelets 5-9 mm long; panicle 50-300 mm long; spikelets 3-5(-7)-flowered; laterally compressed; glumes and lemmas strongly keeled; keels finely or coarsely ciliate; apices acuminate; mucronate or awned; awn up to 1.5 mm long.
Perennial, densely and coarsely tufted, or rhizomatous (rhizome oblique), up to 0.8 m high. Leaf blades 100-450 mm long, 2-14 mm wide, folded at first, pilose on upper surface, glabrous, shining and smooth below; ligule membranous, 2-10 mm long. Spikelets 5-9 mm long. Panicle 50-300 mm long; racemes closely spaced, lowest usually solitary, remote and bare at base; spikelets 3-5(-7)-flowered, laterally compressed; glumes and lemmas strongly keeled, keels finely or coarsely ciliate, tips acuminate, mucronate or awned, awn to 1.5 mm long.
Culms 21–138 cm high. Leaves scattered along culms; ligule 4–17 mm long, usually abaxially hairy; blade (4.5–) 15–68 cm long, 2.5–8 mm wide. Panicles 2.5–30 cm long. Spikelets 5.1–9.4 mm long; rachilla elongated between all florets. Glumes with short lateral nerves, scaberulous or pilose on midnerve; lower glume 3.4–5.7 mm long, 1 (–3)-nerved; upper glume 3.2–7.2 mm long, 1–3-nerved. Basal lemma 4.3–7.2 mm long, scabrous to bristly on keel; awn 0.5–1.5 mm long. Anthers 2.1–3.4 mm long.
Culms 5–12 dm; sheaths scaberulous; ligules 5–7 mm; blades elongate, 3–8 mm wide; infl long-exsert, 1–2 dm; spikelets 3–6-fld; glumes lance-acuminate, usually ciliate on the keel; lemmas 5–8 mm, usually ciliate on the keel, awnless or with a terminal awn to 1 mm; 2n=14, 28. Native of Europe, intr. in moist fields, meadows, lawns, and roadsides throughout our range and most of N. Amer.
A grass. It keeps growing from year to year. It forms clumps. The leaves are bluish green. They are rough, flat and keeled. They sheath the flowering stem at the base. The flowers are 1 sided.
