Dactylis L.

Orchardgrass (en), Dactyle (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae

Characteristics

Perennials, densely caespitose, with short, oblique rhizomes and/or stolons, bisexual. Leaves: basal sheaths strongly compressed; sheath margins joined to halfway (at least in upper leaves); ligule an eciliate membrane; blade once-folded in bud. Inflorescences paniculate, contracted or open, secund with dense 1-sided spikelet clusters terminating branches, with spikelets and branchlets stiff. Spikelets subsessile or shortly pedicellate, laterally compressed, disarticulating above glumes, with 2–5 bisexual florets; rachilla extension with incomplete florets or naked. Glumes 2, very unequal to ±equal, shorter than to ±equalling spikelet, awned to awnless, keeled, 1–3-nerved. Callus short. Lemma pointed, shortly 1-awned, decidedly firmer than glumes, papery, keeled, 5-nerved. Palea notched, thinner than lemma, membranous. Lodicules membranous. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Caryopsis oblong to ellipsoid, dorsiventrally compressed to not noticeably compressed, not grooved; hilum short; embryo small.
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Perennial. Leaf sheaths closed to middle; leaf blades linear, flat or folded. Inflorescence a lobed, 1-sided panicle, open or contracted; spikelets subsessile, densely clustered in compact fascicles on the panicle branches. Spikelets strongly laterally compressed, florets 2–5, disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes lanceolate, subequal, shorter than lemmas, strongly keeled, 1–3-veined; lemmas lanceolate to oblong in side view, papery or thinly leathery, strongly keeled, 5-veined, scabrid or ciliate along keel, apex cuspidate to briefly awned; palea slightly shorter than lemma, narrow, ciliolate along keels. Caryopsis oblong or slightly triangular; hilum round; endosperm soft.
Spikelets few-fld, flat, disarticulating above the glumes and between the lemmas; glumes unequal, nearly as long as the lemmas, 1–3-veined, keeled; lemmas obtuse or acute, usually mucronate or short-awned, keeled, 5-veined, the intermediate veins often inconspicuous; uppermost lemmas reduced; infl open, the lower branches naked at base, erect or divergent, the branches and main axis bearing numerous short-pediceled spikelets in dense one-sided clusters near the ends; perennial tufted grasses with compressed sheaths, long ligules and flat blades. Monotypic.
Tufted perennials. Leaf-blades flat. Inflorescence a lobed, 1-sided, condensed panicle, the branches crowded with compact fascicles of spikelets. Spikelets 2–5-flowered, strongly laterally compressed, almost sessile; glumes persistent, unequal, 1–3-nerved; lemmas strongly compressed and keeled, herbaceous with membranous margins, 5-nerved, shortly awned; palea shorter than or as long as the lemma.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system rhizome
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Dactylis unspecified picture
Dactylis unspecified picture

Distribution

Dactylis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Dominica, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Montenegro, Mauritius, Malaysia, Norfolk Island, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Palau, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Yemen

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30077575-2
WFO ID wfo-4000010628
COL ID 8VWQ7
BDTFX ID 84876
INPN ID 191518
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dactylis

Lower taxons

Dactylis glomerata Dactylis smithii Dactylis stenophylla