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Perennial. Culms tufted, erect, cleistogenes often present in culm sheaths. Leaf blades narrow, flat or rolled; ligule a line of hairs. Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle, sometimes reduced to a raceme. Spikelets large, wedge-shaped, laterally compressed, florets several, rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes subequal, as long as spikelet, membranous or papery, (1–)3–9-veined; floret callus short, obtuse; lemmas herbaceous or papery, 7–9-veined, pilose on margins or all over, apex 2-lobed, lobes acute or extended into slender awns; central awn arising from sinus, flat, column short, strongly twisted, bristle straight or sparsely twisted; palea equal to or shorter than its lemma. Lodicules 2, glabrous. Caryopsis with linear hilum up to 2/3 its length.
Perennials, caespitose, bisexual. Leaves: ligule a fringe of hairs; blade once-folded in bud. Inflorescences paniculate, sometimes reduced almost to a raceme. Spikelets pedicellate, laterally compressed, with 2–10 bisexual florets, disarticulating between florets; rachilla prolonged beyond bisexual florets with incomplete florets or terminating at a bisexual floret. Glumes 2, ±equal, awnless, 3–7-nerved. Callus hairy, pointed. Lemma with apex finely tridentate, awned or mucronate, dorsally rounded, 9-nerved; awn 1, median, from sinus, usually geniculate with a twisted column. Palea relatively long to relatively short but conspicuous. Hilum usually long-linear. Embryo waisted.
