Dicksonia antarctica Labill.

Species

Pteridophytes > Cyatheales > Dicksoniaceae > Dicksonia l'hér.

Characteristics

Trunk 1–15 m tall, sometimes massive, brown, densely covered in matted brown aerial roots; stipe bases persistent towards the crown; base of stipes and trunk apex densely covered with glossy ginger-brown hairs to 4.5 cm long. Fronds numerous in a large spreading crown. Stipe to 30 cm long, stout, smooth or slightly verrucose, hairy. Lamina 3-pinnate, oblong-lanceolate, 2–4 m long, dark green and shiny above, paler beneath, coriaceous, somewhat harsh; central pinnae longest, c. 30–40 cm long, reduced to each end; basal pinnae c. 10 cm long; ultimate segments decurrent along rachis; lobes of fertile pinnae cut to c. half-way to the midrib; rachis pale, hairy. Sori 0.8–1.3 mm diam., solitary on each lobe.
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Tree to 3 m, caudex erect, simple, to 20 cm diam., densely covered by adventitious roots. Fronds tufted, to 25 per plant, arching, to 3 m long, stipe and rachis shallowly sulcate above, lamina to 3-pinnate, glabrous, venation free, ending in the margin in sterile segments, indumentum of simple pluricellular uniseriate hairs on the rhizome and frond axes. Sori marginal at vein endings, solitary on each lobe; receptacle slightly elevated, paraphysate, indusium adaxially a slightly differentiated marginal lobe, abaxially with a thinner smaller indusium joined at the base, spores yellow.
A tree fern. It has fronds all year round. It grows 1.8-3.7 m high and wide. It develops a single furry trunk. This is made up of the fibrous remains of old leaf stalks. The fronds are large and divided. They can be up to 2 m long and are glossy-green on the upper side and matt green underneath. They arch over. Normally a layer of dead fronds hangs down below the new fronds. The fronds are hairy at the base. The spore bodies or sori occur singly on each lobe of the frond. Now Balantium antarctium (Labill.) C. Presl
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.25 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 3.5 - 7.5
Root system adventitious-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Damp sheltered woodland slopes and moist gullies. Common in high rainfall forests from sea-level to 1000 m; often dominates wet, shady gullies and frequently grows in extensive stands.
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It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It grows in wet mountain gullies. On Mt Roland. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
Common in high rainfall forests from sea-level to c. 1000 m; often dominates wet, shady gullies and frequently grows in extensive stands.
Light 2-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The pith from the centre of the trunk is eaten. It is rich in starch. The young unrolled fiddle heads or young leaf tips can be cooked and eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible fronds leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from spores. Plants are also grown from the tops of older plants.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Dicksonia antarctica unspecified picture

Distribution

Dicksonia antarctica world distribution map, present in Australia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Iceland, Portugal, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17082540-1
WFO ID wfo-0001257053
COL ID 35PGX
BDTFX ID 120190
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cibotium billardierei Dicksonia antarctica Balantium antarcticum