Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Müll.Arg.) Pichon

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Diplorhynchus

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 7 m in height; branchlets minutely greyish tomentose when young, eventually glabrescent; bark greyish-brown; lenticels few, obscure. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblanceolate, obovate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic or, rarely, broadly ovate, rounded or cuneate at the base, obtuse to abruptly acuminate, glabrous to softly pubescent on both surfaces, shiny above, lateral nerves 8-16 on each side, parallel; petiole slender, 1-2.3 cm long; blade 3-7 cm long and 1.8-4 cm broad. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, contracted or lax, pubescent or, rarely, subglabrous, 2-8 cm long. Flowers small, white to yellow, fragrant; pedicels 2-4 mm long. Calyx small, pubescent to subglabrous; sepals free almost to the base, 1.5 mm long, ovate, obtuse to rounded. Corolla salver-shaped; tube 2.5-3 mm long, slightly widened above the middle and constricted and thickened at the throat, glabrous within; lobes oblong, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, 4.5-6 mm long and 1 mm broad, apex rounded, usually pilose above. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla tube; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary of 2 free carpels, glabrous; style 1 mm long; stigma thickened, with a bifid apiculus; ovules 51-102 mm each carpel. Fruit of 2 mericarps spreading widely at about 180°; mericarps follicular, leathery to woody, oblong, compressed, often slightly curved, 3.5-4.5 cm long and 2 cm broad, cuneate at the base, apex blunt, apiculate, dehiscing along one edge; surface rough, dark brown, dotted with paler lenticels. Seeds 2-4, compressed, with the funicle in the middle of one face, winged, with the wing of the basal seed or seeds at the apex, and of the upper seeds at the base of the seed.
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Leaves petiolate; petiole (0·5)1-2(3·7) cm., glabrescent to puberulent, above sometimes tomentose, and there with or without a scale-like colleter and/or 1–4 rows of 1–4 smaller glands; lamina variable in shape, obovate, elliptic, subcircular or ovate, (1·1)1·5-2·4(3·2) times as long as wide, (2·6)3·8-9·3(12·l) x (l·1)2·2–5·4(6·7) cm., acute, rounded to emarginate and acuminate to mucronate at the apex, cuneate to obtuse at the base, flat to undulate or sometimes somewhat crispate, thinly coriaceous to leathery, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes only puberulent on the margins, costa puberulent (sometimes the basal part only), rarely glabrous; secondary veins (6)8–14(19) pairs, conspicuous, glabrous or somewhat puberulent, sometimes with axillary tufts of glandular hairs; tertiary veins inconspicuous.
Corolla white to creamy, very rarely reddish to orange, tube (1·5)2–5(7) times as long as the calyx, (1·5)2–3(3·2) x 1–1·5(1·8) mm., glabrous to slightly puberulent outside, lobes (3·5)5(6) x (0·7)1·2(2) mm..rounded or slightly acute, entire, glabrous to puberulent outside, usually with many glandular hairs; buds tinged red; with a scale between the bases of all lobes (scale glabrous, (0·5)0·7–1 (1·2) mm. long, and sometimes at the base with some long scabrid hairs, and connected by its edges with the lobes).
A tree or shrub. It can have one or many stems. It grows 3-12 m high. The trunk can be 50 cm across. The bark is rough and deeply cracked. The small branches droop. The leaves are opposite and yellowish green. The leaf blade varies in shape. It can be 4-9 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The flowers are white or cream and in loose clusters near the ends of branches. They have a sweet scent. The flowers have a sweet scent. The fruit is made up of 2 follicles. They are woody and boat shaped.
Sepals pale green or yellow-green, sometimes slightly unequal, (0·5)1–2(3) times as long as wide, (0·5)0·75–1(1·5) x (0·25)0·5(0·75) mm., outside pubescent to tomentose at the base, pubescent to glabrous towards the apex, very rarely entirely glabrous, glabrous to appressed-puberulent inside especially towards the apex; margins entire, usually hyaline, scabrid to hirsute, rarely glabrous; receptacle pubescent to tomentose, rarely glabrous to puberulent, with glandular hairs.
Pistil (1·2)1·7–2·2(2·4) mm. long; ovary (0·3)0·4(0·5) x (0·3)0·5(0·8) x (0·5)0·8(1·0) mm., of two carpels, rounded at the apex, glabrous or slightly puberulous; style subapical, filiform, (0·5)0·7–1·3 x 0·2–0·3 mm., not split at the base, glabrous to very slightly puberulous; clavuncula lanuginose, sometimes glabrescent towards the base, (0·2)0·3–0·4 x 0·3–0·4 mm.; apiculum bifid, (0·2)0·3–0·4(0·7) mm. long, glabrous.
Fruit composed of two follicles, which are diverging by 180°, woody, green or pale to dark brown, 1·8–3·3(4·2) times as long as wide, (2·2)2·9–6·6 x 1·1–2·2 x 0·4–1·1(1·8) cm., coherent at the base, obliquely oblong, glabrous or slightly puberulent, 2-valved, each valve 2-seeded.
Small tree or shrub, up to 7 m high. Branchlets minutely greyish tomentose when young, eventually glabrescent. Fruit of 2 mericarps, follicular, spreading widely at ± 180°; leathery to woody with lenticels. Flowers white to yellow.
Trunk 0·10–0·50(2·0) m. in diam.; bark smooth to rough, usually longitudinally fissured or reticulate, greyish, brownish to blackish; wood whitish yellow to pale orange.
Seed (2·5)3·5–4·5(5·5) cm. long; grain dark brown, elliptic, (1)1·3–2·0 x 0·7–1·2(1·8) cm., wing diaphanous, with longitudinal veins, 2·0–2·5(3·2) x 1–1·5(1·9) cm.
Stamens with the filaments usually scabrid to hispid, rarely glabrous, 0·2–0·5(0·8) mm. long; anthers 1–1·2(1·5) x 0·5 mm., with a 0·1–0·2(0·5) mm. long mucro.
Inflorescence (1·5)2–9(14) x (2)2·5–9(13) cm.; bracts obscure, rounded, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes with glandular hairs.
Pedicels glabrous to tomentose, sometimes with glandular hairs, 0·5–2·5(3·0) mm. long.
A tree or shrub, sometimes scandent, 1–many-stemmed, (1)3–12(20) m. tall.
Branchlets drooping, puberulent to glabrous.
Peduncle 0·6–4(4·5) cm. long.
Flowers very sweet-scented.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in dry deciduous woodland. It can tolerate toxic serpentine derived soils. It grows from sea level to 1,700 m altitude. It is more common in the lowlands. In Zimbabwe it grows in areas with a rainfall between 600-750 mm rainfall per year.
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Dry deciduous woodland and on stony hillsides, at elevations up to 1,700 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal environmental use fiber food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal social use wood
Edible gums
Therapeutic use Blackwater-Fever (unspecified), Eye (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon unspecified picture
Diplorhynchus condylocarpon unspecified picture

Distribution

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81751-2
WFO ID wfo-0000944083
COL ID 6CXG4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Neurolobium cymosum Aspidosperma condylocarpon Diplorhynchus angustifolia Diplorhynchus mossambicensis Diplorhynchus psilopus Diplorhynchus angolensis Diplorhynchus poggei Diplorhynchus welwitschii Diplorhynchus condylocarpon