Erythroxylum ecarinatum Hochr.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Erythroxylaceae > Erythroxylum

Characteristics

Tree 7-37 m; crown small, not widely spreading. Bark brown or greyish brown, often soft-suberose and thin (2-6 mm), fissured lengthwise or scaly. Branches 2-3(-4) mm diam., with large lenticels in the light brown bark, sometimes giving a warty appearance; very young branchlets 1-2 mm diam. Leaves abundant at the ends of the twigs, narrowly elliptic, c. 6-12(-17) by 1-4(-5) cm; dark green often shining above, light green and less shining beneath, acuminate with an obtuse tip, base cuneate, midrib always more or less prominent above, very prominent and yellowish beneath; nerves on both sides slightly prominent, venation delicate; areolation often distinct; petiole c. 4-8 mm. Stipules oblong-lanceolate, longer than or as long as the petiole, rarely somewhat carinate, c. (4-)8-11(-20) by (1-)2-4(-5) mm; top more or less falcate. Ramenta none. Flowers in clusters of (2-)4-8(-20). Bracteoles triangular, scarious, rather large, sometimes up to 2 mm. Pedicels thickened towards the calyx, c. 5-10 mm. Calyx tube c. 2.5-1.5 mm high, lobes triangular, c. ½-1½ mm; acuminate with a bluntish tip. Petals white, yellow to greenish yellow and cream, outside light brown, oblong, convex, 1-nerved with 2 lateral nerves in the blade, c. 4-5 by 1.25-2 mm; ligule 3-lobed, half as long as the blade, claw c. 1/3 as long as the petal. Brachystylous flowers. Staminal tube c. 1.25-2 mm; stamens unequal; episepalous filaments c. 0.5-1 mm, epipetalous ones c. 1-2 mm; anthers light purple, c. 0.5-1 by 0.5 and 0.25-0.5 by 0.25-0.5 mm respectively. Ovary 1-celled, oblong, exceeding the staminal tube, c. 2-3 by ¼-¾ mm, light yellow; style none or very short, stigmas (2-)3, brown, clavate, c. 0.5 mm. Drupe ovoid or broadly ovoid, often curved, when maturing turning from yellow via orange to red; more or less compressed, sometimes slightly oblique with a rounded top, c. 8-12(-17) by 5-7(-8) mm and c. 4-5 mm thick. Seeds without endosperm; embryo c. 6-9(-15) by 3-5(-6) mm with more or less ovate, thick cotyledons c. 5-7.5 by 3-5 mm and a distinct radicle c. 1-2 by 0.5 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 37.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A very common subsidiary tree of scattered occurrence in the Moluccas and New Guinea, from the lowland up to 2000 m in primary rainforests on slopes and mountain ridges, on rocky and clayey soils, in Halmaheira on coral rock. Fl.-fr. Jan.-Dec.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. In Celebes used as a medicine (obat jaguar). The timber is used in New Guinea for boat and house building. The latter use is also reported from the Solomon Islands.
Uses animal food fuel material medicinal social use timber
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Erythroxylum ecarinatum world distribution map, present in Australia, Georgia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:544039-1
WFO ID wfo-0000679817
COL ID 6GTFQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Erythroxylum ecarinatum Erythroxylum salomonense Erythroxylum moluccanum Erythroxylum montanum