Ficus abutilifolia Miq.

Large-leaved rock fig (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 15 m. tall, terrestrial (often epilithic).. Leafy twigs 6–10 mm. thick, glabrous or yellowish to white tomentose, tomentellous or puberulous, periderm often flaking off when dry.. Leaves in spirals; lamina ± coriaceous, cordiform to broadly ovate or subreniform, 6–17 × 5–18 cm., apex shortly acuminate to subacute, obtuse or rounded, base cordate, margin entire; upper surface glabrous or with sparse hairs on the main veins, lower surface puberulous to subtomentellous, sometimes only in the axils of the lateral veins (or occasionally glabrous); lateral veins 7–9 pairs, the basal pair branched, reaching the margin at or above the middle of the lamina, tertiary venation partly scalariform; petiole 2–10(–18) cm. long, 2–4 mm. thick, epiderm not flaking off; stipules 0.5–2 cm. long, puberulous or glabrous, caducous.. Figs in pairs in the leaf-axils or just below the leaves; peduncle 0.3–1.5 cm. long; basal bracts 3–3.5 mm. long, free parts caducous.. Receptacle subglobose, obovoid or ellipsoid, 1.2–2 cm. in diameter when fresh, 0.5–1.5 cm. when dry, sparsely minutely puberulous, reddish or yellowish at maturity.
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A fig. It is a shrub or medium sized tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 6-10 m high and spreads 6 m wide. It can also be a bush 3-4 m high. The crown can spread widely and the bush is almost round. The bark is smooth and creamy-white. The trunk is twisted and branches low down. The branches are stout. The leaves are large and almost round. The leaves are alternate and leathery. They have a deep notch in the base. They are bright green and the veins are red. The leaves are 5-15 cm long by 5-17 cm wide. The figs are on the ends of small branches in the axils of leaves. They are 1-1.6 cm across. They are smooth or slightly hairy. The fruit are figs produced either singly or in small groups. They are green with cream spots. They are red when ripe. They have a very short stalk.
Leaves spirally arranged; lamina cordate to broadly ovate or subreniform, 6–19 x 5–20 cm., subcoriaceous; apex shortly acuminate to subacute or obtuse to rounded; base cordate; margin entire; superior surface glabrous or with sparse hairs on the main veins, inferior surface puberulous to subtomentellous, sometimes indumentum only in the axils of the lateral veins, occasionally glabrous; lateral veins 7–9 pairs, the basal pair branched, ending at the margin at or above the middle of the lamina, tertiary venation partly scalariform; petiole 2–10(18) cm. long, 2–4 mm. thick, epidermis not flaking off; stipules 5–20 mm. long, puberulous or glabrous, caducous.
Figs in pairs, or sometimes up to 4 together, in the leaf axils or just below the leaves, pedunculate or subsessile; peduncle 3–15 mm. long; basal bracts (2)2.5–3.5 mm. long, persistent, free parts occasionally caducous, leaving a collar-like rim.
Shrub or small tree, up to 8 m high. Leaves roundly heart-shaped, deeply cordate to lobed at base, margins very wavy, apex acute. Figs sessile (but sometimes with a neck), finely hairy, up to 25 mm in diameter, red with white markings.
Receptacle subglobose, obovoid or ellipsoid, 12–20 mm. in diam. when fresh, 5–15 mm. in diam. when dry, sparsely, minutely puberulous, reddish or yellow at maturity.
Leafy twigs 6–15 mm. thick, glabrous or yellowish to whitish-tomentose or puberulous, periderm often flaking off when dry.
Tree up to 15 m. tall, terrestrial, often (hemi-)epilithic.
A tree, to 25 ft. or more high
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 6.0
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It normally grows over rock outcrops in full sun. It is damaged by frost. It grows in dry areas. It can grow in arid places. It grows in savannah and is often on rocky sites. It grows from cracks and crevices and splits the rocks. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,360 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
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Found in bushveld savannah vegetation where it is restricted to rocky habitats, on mountains, koppies, rocky hill slopes and even cliff faces. It is never found away from rocks.
On rocky hills in savannah.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. Figs can be dried and stored. Leaves are occasionally eaten. Aerial roots are eaten.
Uses environmental use food invertebrate food medicinal ornamental social use wood
Edible fruits leaves roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings. The seeds are small and need to be mixed with sand for sowing. Fresh seeds should be used. Seedlings transplant well. The pollinating wasps are Nigeriella fusciceps Wiebes and Elisabethiella comptoni Wiebes.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ficus abutilifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Ficus abutilifolia world distribution map, present in Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ficus abutilifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852334-1
WFO ID wfo-0000687193
COL ID 6HW5K
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urostigma abutilifolium Ficus abutilifolia Ficus discifera Ficus ledermannii Ficus mittuensis Ficus picta Ficus soldanella Ficus kerstingii