Ficus annulata Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 25(-35) m tall, hemi-epiphytic or (secondarily?) terrestrial. Branches drying yellowish to pale brown. Leafy twigs (3-)5-10 mm thick, ± angular, glabrous or brownish to whitish puberulous (mainly on the scars of the stipules). Leaves spirally arranged; lamina oblong to subobovate to elliptic (or to lanceolate), (12-)18-30(-45) by (4-)6-12(-15) cm, (sub)coriaceous, apex acuminate, base cuneate to rounded (to subcordate); upper surface glabrous (or brownish puberulous on the (base of) the midrib), lower surface glabrous (or brownish puberulous on the (main) veins); cystoliths on both sides; midrib flat, lateral veins (8-)12-20 pairs, the basal pair hardly distinct, up to 1/20-1/10 the length of the lamina, unbranched, 0 or 1 pairs of smaller lateral veins below the main pair, tertiary venation reticulate (to subscalariform), ± prominent beneath; waxy gland at the base of the midrib; petiole (1-)1.5-3(-5) cm long, 2-4 mm thick, glabrous (or brownish puberulous), drying blackish; stipules (1.5-)2-3.5(-7.5) cm long, glabrous (or brownish subsericeous), caducous (or subpersistent). Figs axillary, in pairs (or solitary), with a peduncle to 1(-2) cm long or sessile, the peduncle widened into an annular rim; basal bracts 3, inserted inside the rim of the peduncle, 3-10 mm long, subequal, (sparsely) brownish puberulous or glabrous, caducous at maturity; receptacle ellipsoid to ovoid (to subglobose), 2-3 cm diam. when dry, glabrous or puberulous near the ostiole, yellowish (or pinkish) at maturity, apex convex (and submammillate), ostiole 2-3 mm diam., ± prominent, the 3 upper ostiolar bracts unequal, not (or slightly) imbricate, thick, the space left open by the upper ostiolar bracts usually filled with lower ostiolar bracts; wall (except for the apical part) strongly shrivelled when dry; internal hairs absent. Tepals red. Ovary partly red.
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Trees, large, epiphytic when young and semiclimbing. Stipules caducous, lanceolate-linear, 2.5-6 cm, pubescent. Petiole 3-4 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 13-28 × 5-8 cm, ± leathery, abaxially pale green and glabrous or sparsely pubescent, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base cuneate to rarely ± rounded, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; basal lateral veins 2, short, secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein, abaxially conspicuous. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, reddish orange with scattered white spots when mature, ovoid to cylindric, 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 cm, tuberculate, apical pore navel-like; peduncle robust, 1-1.5 cm; involucral bracts caducous, ovate, apex acute, scar conspicuous. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered, pedicellate; stamen 1. Gall flowers: many; sepals connate, apex 3-lobed; ovary ovoid, smooth; stigma flat. Female flowers: few; calyx 4-lobed; style long; stigma clavate. Achenes tuberculate. Fl. May.
A fig. It is a large tree. It grows attached to other trees when young. The leafy growth at the base of the leaf is sword shaped and 2.5-6 cm long. The leaf blade is narrow and oval. It is 13-28 cm long by 5-8 cm wide. It is thinly leathery. It is dark green above and pale green underneath. The base is wedge shaped and it tapers to a short tip. There are 2 veins at the base then 12-17 secondary side veins on each side of the main vein. These are easy to see underneath the leaf. The figs are in pairs in the axils of leaves. They are orange red when mature. They have scattered white spots. They are oval and 2-2.5 cm long by 1.5-2 cm wide. The fruit stalk is strong and 1-1.5 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support hemiepiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Montane forests at elevations from 500-1,300 metres in China. A mid-canopy tree in undisturbed mixed dipterocarp forests at elevations up to 600 metres. Usually on alluvial sites near rivers and streams, but also on hillsides and ridges.
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A tropical plant. It grows in mountain forests between 500-1300 m altitude in Yunnan in S China. In Borneo it grows up to 600 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses food leaf vegetable material rubber
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Ficus annulata world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852394-1
WFO ID wfo-0000687322
COL ID 6HW5W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urostigma conocarpum Urostigma biverrucellum Urostigma validum Ficus annulata Ficus balabacensis Ficus flavescens Ficus valida Urostigma flavescens Urostigma annulatum Ficus annulata var. biverrucella Ficus annulata var. elliptica Ficus annulata var. flavescens Ficus annulata var. valida