Ficus auriculata Lour.

Roxburgh fig (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 15(-20) m tall, becoming shortly buttressed. Leafy twigs 2-10 mm thick, puberulous to subtomentose or glabrous; internodes hollow (or solid); periderm flaking off or persistent. Leaves spirally arranged to subdistichous; lamina cordiform to ovate or to suborbicular, (6-)10-30(-40) by (3-)7-25(-32) cm, symmetric, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apex short-acuminate to acute, base cordate to rounded (to broadly cuneate), margin coarsely dentate to denticulate to subentire; upper surface glabrous or sparsely puberulous on the main veins, smooth, lower surface densely to sparsely puberulous on the veins or only on the main veins or glabrous; lateral veins 3-7 pairs, basal pair up to 1/3-2/3 the length of the lamina, (usually) branched, tertiary venation scalariform; waxy glands in the slit-shaped extensions of the axils of the (main) basal lateral veins; petiole 2-15(-30) cm long, whitish to brownish puberulous or glabrous, epidermis flaking off; stipules 1.5-3 cm long, densely to sparsely whitish to brownish appressed-puberulous to subsericeous or glabrous, caducous. Figs (cauliflorous) on clustered, short (branched) leafless branchlets on the trunk and main branches; peduncle 1-8 cm long; basal bracts 3, (2-)4-7 mm long, persistent; receptacle subpyriform to subglobose to depressed-globose, 2-6 cm diam. when dry, up to 10 cm diam. when fresh, 0-1.5 cm long stipitate, densely to sparsely brown to whitish puberulous to subtomentose to subvelutinous or subglabrous, with numerous strong to weak longitudinal ridges, occasionally with 1 or a few lateral bracts, red(dish), red-brown, orange, or purple at maturity, apex ± concave to flat, ostiole (4-)6-10(-12) mm diam. with a prominent rosette of ostiolar bracts; wall 1-7 mm thick when dry; internal hairs minute and white or absent. Perianth of the pistillate flower tubular to 3-parted; style of the long-styled flowers glabrous or hairy.
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Trees, 4-10 m tall, crown elongated and wide, d.b.h. 10-15 cm; dioecious. Bark grayish brown, rough. Branchlets reddish brown, 1-1.5 cm thick, leafless in middle of stem, pubescent. Stipules reddish purple, triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 cm, adaxially shortly pubescent. Leaves alternate; petiole thick, 5-8 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 15-55 × (10-)15-27 cm, thickly papery, abaxially with short spreading pubescence, adaxially glabrous or puberulent on midvein or secondary veins, base cordate to occasionally rounded, margin regularly shallowly dentate, apex obtuse and mucronate; basal lateral veins 4-6, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, and adaxially slightly impressed or flat. Figs on specialized leafless branchlets at base of trunk and main branches, reddish brown, pear-shaped, depressed globose, or top-shaped, with 8-12 conspicuous longitudinal ridges, 3-5(-6) cm in diam., white, shortly pubescent when young, glabrescent when mature; peduncle (2-)4-6 cm, thick, pubescent; involucral bracts triangular-ovate; apical bracts in 4 or 5 rows, broadly triangular-ovate, imbricate, rosulate. Male flowers: sessile; calyx lobes 3, transparent, spatulate, thinly membranous; stamens 2; filaments long; anthers ovoid. Gall flowers: calyx lobes 3, apically free, ± covering ovary; style lateral, hairy; stigma enlarged. Female flowers: pedicellate or sessile; calyx lobes 3; ovary ovoid; style lateral, longer than in gall flowers, with hairs. Achenes with adherent liquid. Fl. Aug-Mar, fr. May-Aug.
A fig. It is a small tree. It grows 5-10 m high. The trunk is 30-50 cm across but often less. The crown is broadly spreading. The trunk is usually not straight. The bark is warty and grey. Young shoots are hollow. The young shoots are reddish brown. They are 1-1.5 cm across. The leafy structure at the base of the leaf is triangle shaped and reddish brown. It is 1.5-2 cm long. The leaves are alternate and 10-25-55 cm long by 7-23-27 cm wide. They are rounded and softly hairy underneath. The base is normally deeply heart shaped. There can be small teeth along the leaf edge. The figs grow on the base of the trunk and on short branches of old stems. The fruit is 5-7 cm across. It is green when young and dark red when ripe. The fruit is sweet and with a sweet smell. There are ribs along the fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing hemiepiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It needs light and humidity. It grows up to 700-800 m altitude. It is most common about 100-400 m altitude. It often grows along rivers. In Nepal it grows up to 2000 m altitude. In China it grows in moist valleys in forests between 100-1700 m altitude and sometimes to 2100 m in S China. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Forests in moist valleys of southern China at elevations of 100-1,700, occasionally to 2,100 metres. Often found along stream banks.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are sweet. They are also made into jams and used in curries. Green fruit are used as a vegetable. The young leaves can be eaten raw. They are also boiled and used as a vegetable.
Uses animal food drinks eating fiber fibre fodder food invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Visceral obstructions (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Urinary bladder diseases (bark), Visceral obstructions (fruit), Abdominal pain (fruit), Anthelmintics (fruit), Diabetes mellitus (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Dysentery (fruit), Dyspepsia (fruit), Erectile dysfunction (fruit), Hypertension (fruit), Urinary bladder diseases (fruit), Visceral obstructions (leaf), Blister (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Urinary bladder diseases (leaf), Vitiligo (leaf), Dysentery (stem), Wart (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. It can be cut back and regrow. Hand pollination can probably increase fruit size. It can be grown by marcottage.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -3
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ficus auriculata leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ficus auriculata leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ficus auriculata leaf picture by Alboss (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ficus auriculata fruit picture by Alena Tereshchenko (cc-by-sa)
Ficus auriculata fruit picture by anilkumar ayyappan (cc-by-sa)
Ficus auriculata fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus auriculata world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Brazil, Bhutan, China, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ficus auriculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852452-1
WFO ID wfo-0000687425
COL ID 6HW93
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 670686
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Tremotis cordata Ficus beipeiensis Ficus hainanensis Ficus pomifera Ficus macrocarpa Ficus oligodon Ficus regia Ficus rotundifolia Ficus roxburghii Ficus sclerocarpa Ficus scleroptera Ficus hamiltoniana Ficus macrophylla Covellia macrophylla Ficus auriculata