Ficus callosa Willd.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 45 m tall, with buttresses. Branchlets drying dark brown; scars of the stipules prominent. Leafy twigs 3-8 mm thick, solid, sparsely minutely puberulous to glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina elliptic to oblong to subobovate, (8-)10-30(-45) by (4-)5-15(-25) cm, (almost) symmetric, coriaceous, apex shortly and bluntly acuminate to rounded, base equilateral to slightly inequilateral, broadly to narrowly subcordate to rounded to subattenuate, margin entire (or lobate when juvenile), ± revolute; upper surface glabrous, shining when dry, lower surface glabrous, scabridulous; cystoliths only beneath; midrib slightly prominent to flat above, lateral veins (6-)9-12 pairs, the basal lateral veins up to 1/10 to 1/6 the length of the lamina, faintly or not branched, most other lateral veins branched or furcate far from the margin, tertiary venation (± loosely) scalariform, the smaller veins (almost) flat beneath; waxy glands absent; petiole 3-7(-9) cm long, (often) varying in length on the same twig, glabrous, lenticellate, the epidermis persistent; stipules 1-3(-5) cm long, white (sub)sericeous, caducous. Figs axillary, solitary (or in pairs); peduncle 0.2-2 cm long; basal bracts 3, 1.5-4 mm long, persistent; receptacle subglobose to ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 cm diam. when dry, 0.1-1 cm long stipitate, minutely white puberulous, green (or yellow?) at maturity, apex slightly umbonate, ostiole 1-1.5 mm diam., prominent; internal hairs absent. Tepals reddish, glabrous. Stamens (1 or) 2.
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Trees, 25-35 m tall, trunk straight, d.b.h. 25-35 cm. Bark gray to pale gray, hard. Branchlets wrinkled when dry. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.8 cm, pubescent. Petiole 3-9 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, 15-30 × 8-20 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green but grayish green when dry, adaxially green, glabrous, and shiny, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or mucronate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, prominent on both surfaces. Figs axillary on normal leafy stem, paired or solitary, yellow when mature, pear-shaped-ellipsoid, 1.2-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm, pubescent but glabrescent, base attenuate into a 1 cm stalk, apical pore flat; peduncle 1-1.2 cm; involucral bracts lanceolate-ovate, ca. 2 mm. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: near apical pore or scattered, thickly pedicellate; calyx lobes 3-5, spatulate; stamen 1 or 2; filaments thin, if stamen 1 then filament absent. Gall flowers: similar to female flowers but stigma very short. Female flowers: calyx deeply 3-5-lobed, broadly lanceolate; style lateral; stigma deeply 2-branched. Achenes obovoid. Fl. Sep-Oct.
A fig. It is a large tree. It grows 25-35 m tall. The trunk is 25-35 cm across. The bark is hard and grey. The leafy growths at the base of the leaves are oval, hairy and 1-1.8 cm long. The leaf stalk is 3-9 cm long. The leaves are a dark green and smooth and shiny on the top surface. They are pale green underneath. They have a blunt point and are rounded at the base. The leaves are 15-30 cm long by 7-20 cm wide. They are leathery. The fruit are borne in the upper leaf axils. They are often in pairs. They are 2 to 3 cm across. They are pale green but become yellow when mature.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.25 - 0.35
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 35.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They occur in the Philippines from Isabela, Bataan, Camarines, Mindoro, Palawan, Cebu and Mindanao Provinces. In China it grows on the edges of forests and is also cultivated between 600-800 m in S China. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Forests and forest margins at elevations from 600-800 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are mixed with rice to give flavour. The leaves are cooked and eaten. They are also cooked with tomato. The fruit are cooked and eaten.
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UsesBark is used for cloth; figs are eaten cooked; wood is used to make boxes and plywood.
Uses food material medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Pimple (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ficus callosa leaf picture by Fajri Dio (cc-by-sa)
Ficus callosa leaf picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)
Ficus callosa leaf picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ficus callosa fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Ficus callosa fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Ficus callosa fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus callosa world distribution map, present in China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Uruguay, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852543-1
WFO ID wfo-0000687654
COL ID 6HVYZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ficus longespathulata Ficus malunuensis Ficus porteana Ficus scleroptera Ficus cinerascens Ficus cordatifolia Ficus longespathulata var. elongatespathulata Ficus longespathulata var. grandifolia Ficus basidentula Ficus callosa