Ficus copiosa Steud.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 20(-30) m tall. Leafy twigs 3-7 mm thick, sparsely whitish hispidulous (to almost aculeate) to rather densely subhispidulous to puberulous and ± scabrous to glabrous and smooth, with some small lenticels just below the (scars of the) stipules; internodes solid or hollow. Leaves (sub)opposite or spirally arranged, those of pairs usually unequal; lamina oblong to elliptic to (sub)obovate, 6-35 by 3-18 cm, symmetric or slightly asymmetric, subcoriaceous, apex acuminate, base cordate to rounded to cuneate, margin entire to irregularly crenate-dentate (or when juvenile pinnately lobed), often ± revolute; upper surface glabrous, smooth or ± scabrous, lower surface sparsely hispidulous to rather densely subhispidulous to puberulous on the (main) veins, scabridulous; cystoliths on both sides; lateral veins (4-)6-10 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/6-1/3 the length of the lamina, these and sometimes also other lateral veins branched or furcate, tertiary venation (laxly) scalariform; waxy glands in the axils of both basal lateral veins or occasionally also smaller ones in the axils of other lateral veins; petiole (1-)3-9.5 cm long, usually varying distinctly in length on the same twig, 1.5-3 mm thick, sparsely hispidulous to densely puberulous or glabrous, the epidermis in the middle part persistent, but in the basal and upper part (in dry material often darker coloured) ± flaking off; stipules semi-amplexicaul to lateral, 0.5-1 or 1-2 cm long, often subsubulate, glabrous or appressed-puberulous, caducous, on twig apices often tufts of (sub)persistent stipules. Figs axillary, solitary, mostly ramiflorous to cauliflorous, on (clusters of) spurs and up to 6 cm leafless branchlets with short internodes, down to the trunk; peduncle 1-6 cm long; peduncular bracts 1-3, 0.5-1 mm long; receptacle (sub)globose, 1-2(-2.5) cm diam. when dry, 2-3(-6?) cm diam. when fresh, (sparsely) hispidulous or puberulous as well, ± scabrous (or smooth), often conspicuously lenticellate, (usually) with few 0.5-1 mm long lateral bracts, yellow (or red or purple) at maturity, apex ± convex to umbonate, ostiole c. 3 mm diam., surrounded by a low to high rim; internal hairs minute, few to abundant or absent. Tepals whitish to reddish, (sparsely) hairy at the apices or glabrous. Styles glabrous.
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Tree to 10 m high, sometimes buttressed, lightly to densely muriculate. Leaves opposite or alternate to whorled; lamina obovate to obpentagonal or ± narrowly elliptic, 10–35 cm long, 5–15 cm wide, cordate at base, entire or toothed margin, long-acute to acuminate at apex, sandpapery feel (caused by small prickles) more obvious on upper surface; lateral veins 8–10 pairs, basal pair straighter than others, prominent; petiole (1–) 4–7 (–9) cm long; stipules narrowly elliptic, 0.5–2 cm long. Figs axillary, ramiflorous or cauliflorous, slightly depressed-globular, 2–4 cm long, 2.5–6.3 cm wide, green, cream, yellow, orange or red, often sparsely covered with minute lateral bracts, often densely muricate; ostiole slightly raised; basal bracts occasionally present forming a small collar on peduncle; peduncle 1.5–2.5 cm long. Male flowers ostiolar; stamens 1 or 2. Female flowers long-pedicellate; style short.
A fig. It is a small tree. It grows up to 10 m high. The trunk is slender and straight. The bark is grey and smooth. Young stems and veins have a purplish colour and the tips have a rough feel due to raised bristles on the leaves and stems. The leaf shape varies. Leaves are 10-25 cm long by 5-12 cm across. They are oval. The leaves are often heart shaped at the base and bluntly pointed at the tip. The edges of the leaves are irregular. The leaf stalks are about 2 cm long. Fruit are 1-2 cm across and often on old twigs in small clusters.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality gynodioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Found in both coastal and inland regions, in primary and secondary forest, at elevations up to 1,700 metres. Grows in well developed rain forest on a variety of sites but is probably more common in some of the drier more seasonal areas.
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A tropical tree. Trees grow from sea level up to about 1800 m above sea level in Papua New Guinea. It has been recorded up to 2,450 m. They are normally in mixed forest. The are often in seasonally drier areas.
Rainforest, monsoon forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Traditional medicinal uses of the sap in Papua New Guinea (Beasley 2009: 92).
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UsesYoung leaves and figs are eaten, raw or cooked; bark is used for cloth.
The young leaves are eaten cooked. The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Sprain (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are often planted by seeds or self sown seedlings are transplanted. Trees can also be grown by cuttings and aerial layering. In some areas trees are grown as a hedge and pruned to increase branching. Plants occur both wild and cultivated.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Ficus copiosa world distribution map, present in Australia, Micronesia (Federated States of), Hong Kong, Kenya, Myanmar, Malaysia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, United States of America, and Vanuatu

Conservation status

Ficus copiosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852661-1
WFO ID wfo-0000687914
COL ID 6HVQ2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ficus brevicuspis Ficus acanthophylla Ficus copiosa Ficus krausseana Ficus longipedunculata Ficus magnifolia Ficus mourilyanensis Ficus muriculata Ficus polycarpa Ficus senfftiana Ficus subinflata Ficus copiosa var. muriculata Ficus copiosa var. pubescens Ficus duriuscula var. grandifolia