Ficus drupacea Thunb.

Brown-woolly fig (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 35 m tall, hemi-epiphytic or (secondarily?) terrestrial. Branches drying brown. Leafy twigs 3-8 mm thick, ± angular, glabrous or pale to rusty brown (sub)villous; periderm persistent, sometimes flaking off. Leaves spirally arranged to subdistichous; lamina elliptic to oblong to obovate, (7-)10-20(-35) by (3-)4-8(-16) cm, coriaceous, apex short-acuminate (to rounded), base cordate to rounded; upper surface glabrous or sparsely to densely brown(ish) (woolly) tomentose to subvillous, mainly on the midrib, lower surface glabrous or sparsely to densely brown(ish) (woolly) tomentose to subvillous; cystoliths on both sides; midrib slightly prominent to flat, lateral veins (6-)8-12(-14) pairs, the basal pair distinct to hardly so, up to 1/10-1/5(-1/4) the length of the lamina, (sparsely and/or faintly) branched or unbranched, 1-3 pairs of smaller lateral veins below the main pair, tertiary venation subscalariform, ± prominent beneath; waxy gland at the base of the midrib; petiole 1-4.5 cm long, 2-3 mm thick, glabrous or sparsely to densely brownish (woolly) tomentose to subvillous, drying blackish (or brown), sometimes with a waxy layer; stipules 1-1.5(-2) cm long, whitish puberulous or brown(ish) (to yellowish) subvillous to sericeous or glabrous, caducous, often with a distinct median part. Figs axillary, in pairs or solitary, sessile; basal bracts 2 or 3, on a disc, 0.5-3 mm long, unequal in size, semicircular to band-shaped, brownish puberulous (or glabrous), persistent; receptacle ellipsoid, 1-2(-2.5) cm diam. and up to 4 cm long when dry, rarely up to 0.7 cm long stipitate, (sub)glabrous, yellow to orange (or dull red) at maturity, apex convex, ostiole 2-3 mm diam., ± prominent, often with a rim around the ostiole (when dry), open, the 3 upper ostiolar bracts unequal to subequal, slightly or not imbricate, rather thick; wall ± shrivelled when dry; internal hairs absent. Tepals pinkish (to whitish?). Ovary partly red(dish).
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Trees, 10-15 m tall. Bark grayish white. Branches without aerial roots; branchlets 5-9 mm in diam., densely yellowish brown woolly. Stipules yellowish brown, lanceolate, 2-3 cm, membranous, with thick hairs. Petiole robust; 2.5-3 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 15-18 × 5-9 cm, leathery, glabrous or abaxially yellowish brown woolly but glabrescent, adaxially green and glabrous or sparsely shortly pubescent or densely yellowish brown long pubescent but glabrescent, base rounded, ± cordate, or ± auriculate, margin entire or slightly undulate, apex acute; basal lateral veins 2-4, secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, tertiary veins reticulate. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, reddish orange to red and with scattered white spots, oblong, pillow-shaped, or conic-ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.5(-2) cm, glabrous or densely covered with brownish yellow long hairs, inside with few or no bristles, apical pore closed by 3 or 4 umbonate bracts, not forming flat disk, subsessile; involucral bracts orbicular to ovate-lanceolate, margin ciliate. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: long-pedicellate; calyx lobes 3, broadly ovate; stamen 1; filament short and thick; anther narrowly ellipsoid. Gall flowers: pedicellate; sepals connate, apically 3-or 4-lobed; ovary ± globose. Female flowers: calyx lobes 3, white, broadly lanceolate. Achenes ± globose, tuberculate. Fl. early summer.
A fig. It is a small to medium sized tree. It grows 10-15 m high. It has a spreading bushy crown. It has strangling roots but not aerial roots. There are prop roots near the base. The trunk is short and irregular. The bark is grey and smooth. The young shoots have dense rusty coloured hairs. The leaf stalk is 2.5-3 cm long. The leaves are simple and 8-18 cm long by 4-9 cm wide. They are oval but narrow abruptly at each end. They are dark green and leathery. Underneath they are more yellowish brown. Young leaves have rusty hairs while mature leaves are smooth. The fig or receptacle is 1.5-2 cm across. They are round and in the axils of leaves on young shoots. They occur either singly or in pairs. They ripen from orange to dark red. They are edible. There are some varieties described based on the hairiness of the leaves.
Spreading strangler to 20 (–30) m high, glabrous except branchlet apex (new growth rusty-hairy). Leaves: lamina elliptic-oblong to pentagonal, (6–) 10–20 (–32) cm long, (3–) 4–8 (–13) cm wide, rounded, slightly cordate at base, entire margin, bluntly acuminate or with tip to 7 mm long at apex; lateral veins 8–10 pairs, distant, prominent; petiole 1.5–3 cm long; stipules to 0.8–4.5 cm long, often rusty brown-hairy, soon glabrous. Figs paired, sessile, glabrous, ellipsoid to obloid, 1–3 cm long, 1.5–2.3 cm wide, maturing orange to red, purple then black; ostiole slightly umbonate; basal bracts small, concealed under fig. Male flowers pedicellate; tepals 3; stamen 1; bracts numerous; internal bristles absent. Female flowers usually sessile; stigma simple, dilated at base.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support hemiepiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.02 - 0.02
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Montane forests, along streams; at elevations from 100-1,500 metres. Evergreen and deciduous forests. Well developed lowland rain forest at elevations from sea level to 450 metres in Australia.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows naturally in the rainforest. In China it grows in mountain forests and along streams between 100-1500 m altitude in S China. In XTBG Yunnan.
Rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten. The fruit have been used for jelly and for wine.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Infection (unspecified), Masticatory (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by using aerial layering.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ficus drupacea unspecified picture

Distribution

Ficus drupacea world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ficus drupacea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852769-1
WFO ID wfo-0000688167
COL ID 6HXK8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Urostigma subcuspidatum Urostigma drupaceum Urostigma chrysotrix Urostigma bicorne Ficus citrifolia Ficus drupacea Ficus ellipsoidea Ficus gonia Ficus mysorensis Ficus payapa Ficus pilosa Ficus subrepanda Ficus vidaliana Ficus mysorensis Urostigma mysorense Urostigma dasycarpum Urostigma pilosum Ficus aurantiicarpa Ficus rupestris Ficus drupacea var. glabrata Ficus drupacea var. pedicellata Ficus drupacea var. pubescens Ficus drupacea var. subrepanda Ficus mysorensis var. dasycarpa Ficus mysorensis var. pubescens Ficus mysorensis var. subrepanda Ficus pilosa var. chrysocoma Ficus drupacea var. mysorensis Ficus mysorensis f. parvifolia Ficus chrysochlamys Ficus chrysocoma Ficus drupacea var. drupacea