Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 10(-18) m tall. Leafy twigs 3-8 mm thick, (sub)glabrous or sparsely brownish to whitish appressed-puberulous, with nodal waxy glands; internodes hollow or solid; periderm flaking off. Leaves spirally arranged or (partly) subopposite, on ultimate branches distichous; lamina oblong to subobovate to (ob)lanceolate (to elliptic), (4-)8-22(-34) by (1.5-)4-9(-17) cm, symmetric or ± asymmetric, subcoriaceous, apex acuminate to caudate, base cuneate to rounded (to subcordate), margin entire or (in particular towards the apex) ± irregularly dentate, occasionally lobate, usually slightly revolute (towards the base); upper surface (sub)glabrous, smooth, lower surface glabrous or sparsely appressed-puberulous on the veins, smooth, cystoliths only beneath; lateral veins (4-)6-10(-14) pairs, some of them branched or furcate far from the margin, the basal pair relatively weakly developed, tertiary venation scalariform to subreticulate; waxy glands absent or inconspicuous in furcations of lateral veins; petiole (1-)1.5-3 cm long, glabrous or hirtellous to puberulous, the epidermis flaking off; stipules 0.5-1.5(-2.5) cm long, glabrous or sparsely appressed-puberulous, caducous. Figs axillary, solitary (or in pairs) or sometimes more together on short spurs in the leaf axils and/or below the leaves on short spurs developing into woody tubercles or cauliflorous on up to 4(-10) cm long branchlets (or elongating to 40 cm or more?), on the older wood down to the trunk; peduncle (0.2-)1-4(-6) cm long; basal bracts 3, (usually) verticillate, 0.5-1 mm long; receptacle subglobose to obovoid to subpyriform, 0.6-1.5(-2.5?) cm diam. when dry, 1-2(-4?) cm diam. when fresh, mostly 0.1-1 cm long stipitate, (sub)glabrous, lateral bracts absent, sometimes obscurely to distinctly ribbed, without lateral bracts, yellowish (or red) at maturity, apex ± convex to concave, ostiole 1.5-3 mm diam.; internal hairs absent.
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Small trees, evergreen; dioecious. Bark dark brown. Branchlets hispid. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. Leaves alternate; petiole (0.7-)1.5-4 cm; hispid or hirsute; leaf blade obovate to oblong, 10-20 × 4-8 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent or yellow tuberculate, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely cuneate to rounded, margin entire or undulate, apex mucronate; basal lateral veins short, secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein. Figs on short ± conic branchlets on main branches, reddish orange when mature, ± globose, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2.2 cm, subglabrous, smooth, apical pore not open; peduncle (0.5-)0.8-2.4 cm. Male flowers: few, near apical pore, shortly pedicellate; calyx lobes 3 or 4; stamen 1; filament short. Gall flowers: pedicellate; calyx lobes very short or absent; ovary obovate, smooth; style ± lateral, thin; stigma enlarged. Female flowers: perianth tubular, enclosing base of pedicel; style persistent, long, clavate. Achenes obliquely cubic, with small tubercles. Fl. May-Jul.
A fig. It is a small tree. It is evergreen. It is 10-15 m high. The trunk is 15-30 cm across. The sexes are separate. The bark is dark brown. The small branches are coarse. The leafy structures near the base of the leaves are oval and about 1.7 cm long. The leaf stalk is 1.5-4 cm long. The leaves are alternate. The leaf blade is oblong and 10-20 cm long by 4-7 cm wide. They are papery. They are slightly hairy underneath. The base is wedge shaped but unequal. The tip is sharp. The figs are in clusters on small outgrowths from old stems. They are orange red when mature and round but flattened. They are 1.5-2 cm across. They are smooth. The stalk is 0.8-2.4 cm long. Male and gall flowers are in the same fig with the male flowers near the opening.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality gynodioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15 - 0.3
Mature height (meter) 11.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. In China it grows in forest and along streams and on rocks in S China. It is shade tolerant. It grows between 200-600 m above sea level. In XTBG Yunnan.
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An understorey tree in undisturbed mixed dipterocarp to sub-montane forests at elevations up to 1,700 metres. On hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Young leaves are eaten in salads. The young figs are eaten raw or cooked in curries.
Uses food medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds. It can be planted by stem cuttings or air layering.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ficus fistulosa habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ficus fistulosa leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ficus fistulosa leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus fistulosa world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ficus fistulosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852846-1
WFO ID wfo-0000688340
COL ID 6HXBW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ficus harlandii Ficus condensa Ficus fistulosa Ficus grandidens Ficus lucbanensis Ficus millingtonifolia Ficus rubrovenia Ficus polysyce Ficus repandifolia Ficus fistulosa var. angustifolia Ficus fistulosa var. lucbanensis Ficus fistulosa var. obliqua Ficus fistulosa var. fistulosa Ficus curranii

Lower taxons

Ficus fistulosa var. tengerensis