Ficus glumosa Delile

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 10(–15) m. tall or a shrub, terrestrial, with spreading branches.. Leafy twigs 2–6 mm. thick, with dense short white hairs, especially on the nodes intermixed with much longer yellow to sometimes whitish hairs or glabrous, periderm of older parts flaking off when dry.. Leaves in spirals; lamina subcoriaceous, oblong to elliptic or broadly ovate, sometimes obovate or subcircular, 2–14 × 1.2–9.5 cm., apex shortly acuminate to subacute or subobtuse, base cordate, sometimes rounded, margin entire; upper surface puberulous to hirtellous to subtomentose, or almost glabrous, lower surface subtomentose on the main veins, often partly yellow hirsute or entirely glabrous; lateral veins 3–7 pairs, the basal pairs branched, sometimes faindy, reaching the margin below or sometimes at the middle of the lamina, tertiary venation reticulate or tending to scalariform, the smaller vein-reticulum beneath inconspicuous; petiole 0.5–4(–8) cm. long, 1–2(–2.5) mm. thick, epiderm not flaking off; stipules 0.5–1.5(–2.4) cm. long, on flush up to 4 cm., at least partly yellow or sometimes whitish hirsute to subsericeous, caducous.. Figs in pairs in the leaf-axils or down to ± 1 m. below the leaves, sessile or sometimes on peduncles up to 3 mm. long; basal bracts ± 3 mm. long, persistent.. Receptacle globose or ellipsoid, ± 1–1.5(–2) cm. in diameter when fresh, ± 0.5–1 cm. when dry, densely tomentose to pubescent to almost glabrous, orange to pink or red at maturity, often with darker spots.
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Leaves spirally arranged; lamina oblong to broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, sometimes obovate or subcircular, 2–14(19) x 1.2–9.5(13) cm., subcoriaceous; apex shortly acuminate to subacute or subobtuse; base cordate, sometimes rounded; margin entire; superior surface puberulous, hirtellous or subtomentose, sometimes almost glabrous, inferior surface subtomentose, main veins yellow hirsute or glabrous; lateral veins 3–7 pairs, the basal pair faintly branched, usually ending at the margin far below the middle of the lamina, or sometimes at or above the lamina middle, tertiary venation reticulate or tending to scalariform, the smaller veins (reticulum) inconspicuous beneath; petiole 0.5–4(8) cm. long, 1–2(2.5) mm. thick, epidermis not flaking off; stipules 5–15 mm. long, up to 40 mm. long on new flush, caducous, partly or ± sparsely hirsute to subsericeous, the indumentum bright yellow or sometimes whitish.
A fig. It is a shrub or tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows up to 10-15 m tall. It has spreading branches. It can spread 12 m wide. The bark is smooth and a grey-green. It has a few rough flaky pieces. The young shoots are hairy white. The leaves are soft and pink when young but stiff and papery when mature. They are long and oval. They are 2.5-10 cm long. The tip is rounded but with a sharp point. The base of the leaf is heart shaped. The leaf stalk is 4 cm long and thick and wavy. The leaves are hairy underneath except in one variety. The fruit are figs which are round and in pairs. They have fine silky hairs. They grow in the axils of leaves and are 7 cm across. They are green but turn red as they ripen. They are sweet and succulent.
Tree, 4-10 m high, rock-splitter, rarely terrestrial. Main stem short, crooked; bark whitish to yellowish green, smooth or flaking; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves alternate, stiff, round-oblong to broadly elliptic (30-140 x 16-95 mm), thickly textured, dark green glossy above, densely hairy when young, base lobed to rounded, apex rounded; petioles 5-50 mm long, hairy; stipules large and prominent on new growth, up to 50 mm long, densely hairy. Syconia (figs) single or in pairs in leaf axils, stalkless, ± rounded, 8-15 mm in diam., densely to sparsely hairy, pink or red when ripe; ostiole often raised, yellowish.
Tree, up to 10 m high. Leaves broadly ovate to elliptic, apex rounded to bluntly acute, margin entire but often wavy, permanently hairy beneath, becoming smooth with age above. Figs sessile, up to 15 mm in diameter, red with white markings.
Receptacle globose to ellipsoid, c. 1–1.5 cm. in diam. when fresh, 0.5–1 cm. in diam. when dry, densely tomentose to pubescent or almost glabrous, orange to red or pink at maturity, often with darker spots.
Leafy twigs 2–6 mm. thick, indumentum dense, of short white hairs intermixed with much longer yellow to whitish hairs especially on the nodes, or glabrous; periderm of older parts flaking off when dry.
Figs in pairs in the leaf axils or 0–10 mm below the leaves, subsessile or sometimes on peduncles up to 3 mm. long; basal bracts c. 3 mm. long, persistent.
Trees up to 10 m. tall or shrubs, terrestrial, branches spreading.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 12.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is normally found in dry country in Africa. Often it is among rocks and in wooded grassland. It is sensitive to frost. It grows between 245-1,850 m above sea level. It can tolerate drought. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 7-9.
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Rocky outcrops, where it can split the rocks it grows between; dry watercourses or open country; frequently in valleys, where it reaches its greatest size; fringe forest in savannah areas, especially in swampy ground; swamp forest in coastal areas.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The ripe fig fruit are eaten. The gum is also chewed as a masticatory. The leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses animal food charcoal dye eating environmental use fiber food fuel gene source gum hedge invertebrate food leaf vegetable material medicinal poison tanning wood
Edible barks fruits gums leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants grow naturally from seed. Seed can be removed from figs and dried and used. Plants can also be grown from cuttings. The wasp pollinator is Elisabethiella glumosae Wiebes.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 36
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ficus glumosa habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Ficus glumosa habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Ficus glumosa habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ficus glumosa leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Ficus glumosa leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Ficus glumosa leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ficus glumosa fruit picture by Diriba Kumssa (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus glumosa world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ficus glumosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852908-1
WFO ID wfo-0000688513
COL ID 6HX6F
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urostigma rubicundum Sycomorus hirsuta Urostigma fazokelense Ficus gombariensis Ficus rehmannii Ficus barbata Ficus durandiana Ficus fazokelensis Ficus glumosoides Ficus kitaba Ficus rubicunda Ficus rukwaensis Ficus sonderi Urostigma glumosum Ficus montana Ficus glumosa var. glaberrima Ficus glumosa