Ficus ingens Miq.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 18 m. tall.. Leafy twigs 3–6 mm. thick, sparsely white or brownish pubescent to densely tomentellous or subvelutinous.. Lamina coriaceous, ovate to elliptic or oblong, (2.5–)5–18 × (2–)3–9 cm., apex acuminate to acute, sometimes obtuse, base cordate, occasionally truncate to obtuse, margin entire; both surfaces glabrous; lateral veins 8–11 pairs, the main basal pairs ± distinctly branched, almost straight, thus not running parallel to the margin, the others often branched far from the margin; petiole 0.5–4 cm. long, 1–3 mm. thick; stipules 0.5–1 cm. long, densely yellowish tomentose to subvelutinous or glabrous, caducous.. Figs in pairs in the leaf-axils or just below the leaves, subsessile or on peduncles up to 0.5 cm. long; basal bracts ± 2 mm. long.. Receptacle ± globose, 1–2 cm. in diameter when fresh, 0.5–1 cm. when dry, minutely white to brown puberulous or partly hirtellous, sometimes densely tomentose or pubescent, whitish to pink or pale to dark purple at maturity; wall wrinked when dry.. Fig. 20, p. 62.
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Free-standing, deciduous tree, up to 18 m high and 30 m wide, or small rock-splitter. Leaves stiff, ovate, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate (45-165 x 27-85 mm), dark olive-green, somewhat glossy; veins distinctly pale, base usually square, sometimes rounded or cordate, apex acuminate; petioles 6-42 mm long. Syconia (figs) stalked, often shortly, borne in pairs or singly in leaf axils, or on bare twigs below leaves, round to pear-shaped, 10-13 mm in diam., smooth, with or without small warts, finely hairy or hairless, creamish green, turning pinkish when ripe.
A fig. It is a small tree which loses its leaves. It is an erect tree and has a spreading crown. It grows up to 15 m tall. The branches touch the ground. It grows attached to other plants. The leaves are oval. They are 6-15 cm long by 3-10 cm wide. They are pale green and thinly textured. The new leaves are red. The base is slightly lobed and it tapers towards the tip. The fig fruit grow in the axils of the leaves. The fruit are round and 1-1.5 cm across. They are pale yellow or pink when ripe.
Leaf lamina ovate to elliptic, oblong or sometimes lanceolate, (2.5)5–20 x (2)3–11 cm., coriaceous; apex shortly acuminate to acute, sometimes to obtuse; base cordate, occasionally truncate or ± broadly cuneate; margin entire; both surfaces glabrous; lateral veins 8–11 pairs, the (main) basal pairs ± distinctly branched, almost straight and thus not running parallel to the margin, the other veins often furcate far from the margin.
Figs in pairs in the leaf axils or just below the leaves, subsessile or on peduncles up to 0.5 mm. long; basal bracts c. 2 mm. long; receptacle subglobose, 1–2 cm. in diam. when fresh, 0.5–1 cm. in diam. when dry, minutely white to brown puberulous or partly hirtellous, sometimes densely tomentose or pubescent, whitish pink to pale or dark purple at maturity; wall wrinkled when dry.
Petiole 0.5–4 cm. long, 1–3 mm. thick; stipules 0.5–1 cm. long, densely yellowish-tomentose to subvelutinous or glabrous, caducous.
Monoecious tree to 15 m, bark grey. Leaves ovate, lateral veins ± 8. Figs axillary, pedunculate, 9-12 mm diam., pink.
Leafy twigs 3–6 mm. thick, sparsely pubescent to densely tomentellous or subvelutinous, indumentum white to brownish.
Tree up to 15 m. tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 16.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They usually grow on dry rocky soils. It is often on rocky slopes in cracks in the rocks. In Zimbabwe they grow between 300 and 1450 m altitude but are mostly at lower altitudes. They grow where the rainfall is below 100 mm. It can grow with annual rainfall between 100-1,300 mm. It is drought resistant. It grows between sea level and 2,100 m above sea level. It grows in the Sahel.
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Wooded savannah, sometimes in rocky places. Deciduous woodland and riverine fringes, often on rocks in rocky outcrops, at elevations from sea level to 2,100 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The figs are eaten raw. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Fruit should be collected before they drop and the seeds removed. The seeds are small and need to be sown with fine sand. Seeds germinate in 15-30 days. Cuttings can be of softwood or hardwood. They root easily. The wasp pollinator is Platyscapa soraria Wiebes.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ficus ingens leaf picture by rez (cc-by-sa)
Ficus ingens leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Ficus ingens leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ficus ingens fruit picture by Muhammad Ahmad Bakari (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus ingens world distribution map, present in Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ficus ingens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853021-1
WFO ID wfo-0000688813
COL ID 6HX8W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Urostigma xanthophyllum Ficus caffra Ficus ovato-cordata Ficus ingens Ficus ingentoides Ficus katagumica Ficus kawuri Ficus magenjensis Ficus pondoensis Ficus schimperiana Urostigma ingens Ficus ingens var. tomentosa Ficus ingens var. ingens