Ficus lutea Vahl

Lagos rubbertree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 20 m. tall, hemi-epiphytic or secondarily terrestrial, with a spreading crown.. Leafy twigs 5–12(–20) mm. thick, puberulous, white to yellow tomentose to subhirsute or glabrous, periderm flaking off when dry.. Leaves in spirals; lamina coriaceous, elliptic to oblong or ± obovate, 7–25(–45) × 3–12(–20) cm., apex acuminate, base obtuse to acute or ± cordate, margin entire; upper surface glabrous or puberulous on the midrib, lower surface sparsely to, less often, densely puberulous to hirtellous to ± tomentose, on the main veins to subhirsute, only subhirsute on the main veins, or entirely glabrous; lateral veins (4–)6–10(–12) pairs; tertiary venation partly scalariform; petiole 1.5–13(–17) cm. long, 2–3(–8) mm. thick, epiderm flaking off when dry; stipules 0.5–2.5 cm. long, on flush up to 8 cm., puberulous or also white to yellow subsericeous, caducous.. Figs up to 4 together in the leaf-axils or ± just below the leaves, sessile, initially in a white pubescent to subhirsute calyptrate bud up to 5 mm. long; basal bracts 3–6 mm. long, persistent.. Receptacle ± globose, ± 1–2.5(–? 3.5) cm. in diameter when fresh, 0.8–1.5(–2.5) cm. when dry, puberulous to white or yellow pubescent or subhirsute, smooth or warted, yellow to orange or brownish at maturity.
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Tree up to 20(25) m tall, hemi-epiphytic or secondarily terrestrial, with a spreading crown. Leafy twigs 5-12(20) mm thick, puberulous, white to yellow tomentose, hirsute or subvillous, or glabrous, periderm flaking off when dry. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina elliptic to oblong or subobovate, 7-25(45) x 3-12(20) cm, coriaceous; apex acuminate; base obtuse, cuneate or subcordate; margin entire; superior surface glabrous, puberulous on the midrib, inferior surface puberulous to hirtellous or glabrous, the main veins ± tomentose-hirsute below; lateral veins (4)6-10(12) pairs, tertiary venation partly scalariform to reticulate; petiole 1.5-13(17) cm long, 2-4(8) mm thick, epidermis flaking off when dry; stipules 5-25 mm long, up to 80 mm long on new flush, puberulous or white-to yellow-subsericeous, caducous. Figs up to 4 together in the leaf axils or just below the leaves, sessile, initially enclosed in a white-pubescent to subhirsute calyptrate bud up to 0.5 cm long; basal bracts 3-6(8) mm long, persistent. Receptacle subglobose, c. 10-25(35) mm in diam. when fresh, 8-15(25) mm in diam. when dry, puberulous to white-or yellow-pubescent to subhirsute, smooth or verruculose, yellow to orange or brownish at maturity.
A strangler fig. It often grows attached to other plants. It can grow to a large tree. It grows 18 m high. It can spread 12 m wide. The trunk can be 3 m around. The crown is very wide and round. It can have aerial roots. The bark is grey brown. The leaves are large and evergreen. The leaves are dark green and slender. They are 38 cm long by 20.5 cm wide. They are crowded near the ends of branches. The leaf stalks are 2-8 cm long. The tip is pointed and the base is rounded. The leaf stalk is 12 cm long. The leaves are in spirals on stout small branches. The figs are small and orange-red when ripe. They are crowded closely together along the ends of the branches. They are 1-1.7 cm across.
Leaves spirally arranged; lamina elliptic to oblong or subobovate, 7–25(45) x 3–12(20) cm., coriaceous; apex acuminate; base obtuse, cuneate or subcordate; margin entire; superior surface glabrous, puberulous on the midrib, inferior surface puberulous to hirtellous or glabrous, the main veins ± tomentose-hirsute below; lateral veins (4)6–10(12) pairs, tertiary venation partly scalariform to reticulate; petiole 1.5–13(17) cm. long, 2–4(8) mm. thick, epidermis flaking off when dry; stipules 5–25 mm. long, up to 80 mm. long on new flush, puberulous or white-to yellow-subsericeous, caducous.
Receptacle subglobose, c. 10–25(35) mm. in diam. when fresh, 8–15(25) mm. in diam. when dry, puberulous to white-or yellow-pubescent to subhirsute, smooth or verruculose, yellow to orange or brownish at maturity.
Figs up to 4 together in the leaf axils or just below the leaves, sessile, initially enclosed in a white-pubescent to subhirsute calyptrate bud up to 0.5 cm. long; basal bracts 3–6(8) mm. long, persistent.
Leafy twigs 5–12(20) mm. thick, puberulous, white to yellow tomentose, hirsute or subvillous, or glabrous, periderm flaking off when dry.
Tree up to 20(25) m. tall, hemi-epiphytic or secondarily terrestrial, with a spreading crown.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support hemiepiphyte
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 12.0
Mature height (meter) 16.5 - 18.14
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in river forests and woodland. In East Africa it grows from sea level to 2,000 m altitude. It can be in palm groves, on the edges of mangroves and in coastal sands. It grows in areas with a rainfall of 600-1000 mm per year. It grows in the Sahel. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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Wooded savannah, and secondary jungle, along streams or by swamps. Riverine, lowland, submontane and montane forests. In cleared areas.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fig fruit are eaten as a snack.
Uses dye environmental use fiber fibre food gene source material medicinal pharmaceutical industry shade social use wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds. It can be grown from branch cuttings. Cuttings grow easily.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ficus lutea leaf picture by zablon zablonlister (cc-by-sa)
Ficus lutea leaf picture by Mister Kamau (cc-by-sa)
Ficus lutea leaf picture by Andries Coetzee (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ficus lutea fruit picture by zablon zablonlister (cc-by-sa)
Ficus lutea fruit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus lutea world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Mayotte, Namibia, Nigeria, Panama, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ficus lutea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853155-1
WFO ID wfo-0000689147
COL ID 6HX2N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446712
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Urostigma vogelii Ficus utilis Ficus verrucocarpa Ficus vestito-bracteata Ficus vogelii Ficus apodocephala Ficus arimensis Ficus baronii Ficus cabrae Ficus holstii Ficus kaba Ficus lanigera Ficus nautarum Ficus nekbudu Ficus neumanni Ficus quibeba Ficus senegalensis Ficus subcalcarata Ficus trichosphaera Ficus xanthophylla Urostigma luteum Ficus neumannii Urostigma neumannii Ficus akaie Ficus incognita Ficus pseudovogelii Ficus subcalcarata var. vestitobracteata Ficus vogelii var. pubicarpa Ficus lutea