Ficus rumphii Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 20 m tall, hemi-epiphytic or terrestrial, deciduous. Branches drying brown to yellowish. Leafy twigs 2-5 mm thick, slightly angular to subterete, glabrous or (minutely) white puberulous (on the scars of the stipules and the bases of the petioles); periderm flaking off. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina (broadly) ovate (to elliptic), (3-)5-16 by (3-)4-12 cm, (sub)coriaceous, apex acuminate to acute, the acumen sharp, base truncate to subcordate to broadly cuneate, often slightly decurrent; both surfaces glabrous; cystoliths only beneath; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, the mayor basal pair up to 1/3-1/2 the length of the lamina, mostly branched, below the mayor pair always a pair of smaller basal lateral veins (unbranched or faintly branched), the other lateral veins sometimes furcate far from the margin, tertiary venation reticulate to subscalariform; waxy gland at the base of the midrib, above the bases of the minor basal lateral veins; petiole (2.5-)4-6(-9) cm long, glabrous; stipules (0.5-)1-3.5 cm long, glabrous, caducous. Figs axillary or just below the leaves, in pairs (or solitary), sessile; basal bracts (2 or) 3, 1-2 mm long, glabrous, persistent; receptacle subglobose, 0.9-1.2(-1.5) cm diam. when dry and the surface often wrinkled, 1.5-2 cm diam. when fresh, glabrous, turning from pink to purple to black at maturity, apex convex to concave, ostiole 2-2.5 mm diam., flat, the upper ostiolar bracts glabrous; internal hairs absent. Staminate flowers scattered. Tepals (dark) red. Ovary white.
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Trees, ca. 15 m tall, usually epiphytic. Bark gray, wrinkled when dry. Stipules caducous, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm, scar conspicuous. Petiole 6-8 cm, glabrous; leaf blade cordate to ovate-cordate, 6-13 × 6-11 cm, ± leathery, glabrous, base ± cordate to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; basal lateral veins 4, outer 2 basal veins short and thin, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired or in small clusters on leafless older branchlets, with dark spots when young, dark purple when mature, globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., sessile; involucral bracts orbicular, small; apical bracts ± navel-like. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: few, scattered among other flowers; calyx lobes 3, spatulate; stamen 1. Gall and asexual flowers: calyx lobes 3, lanceolate. Female flowers: ovary white, ovoid, smooth; style persistent, long; stigma clavate. Achenes thin, tuberculate and with adherent liquid; style long; stigma clavate.
A fig. It is a tree. It grows about 15 m tall. Usually it lives growing on and attached to other trees. The bark is grey and wrinkled when dry. The leafy growth at the base of the leaf is oval and 1.2-2.5 cm long. It leaves a scar which is easy to see. The leaf stalk is 6-8 cm long. The leaf blade is heart shaped or oval and 6-13 cm long by 6-11 cm wide. It is somewhat leathery. The base is broadly wedge shaped and it tapers to the tip. There are 4 veins near the base then 5-6 secondary veins on each side of the main vein. Normally there are a pair of figs in the axils of leaves. Sometimes they are in groups on older leafless branches. They have dark spots when young. They are dark purple when mature. They are round and without stalks. They are 1-1.5 cm across. There are only a few male flowers scattered amongst the other flowers.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support hemiepiphyte
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. In China it grows along trails between 600-700 m altitude in Yunnan.
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Along trails at elevations from 600-700 metres. Rocky coasts.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young leaves are eaten. The ripe fruit are occasionally eaten. The flowers are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses charcoal eating environmental use food invertebrate food leaf vegetable material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Snake bites (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Asthma (fruit), Emetics (fruit), Hemorrhage (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (plant exudate), Cosmetic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Bronchosis (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ficus rumphii unspecified picture

Distribution

Ficus rumphii world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853626-1
WFO ID wfo-0000690150
COL ID 6HY2B
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ficus conciliorum Ficus damit Ficus populiformis Ficus populnea Ficus rumphii Urostigma cordifolium Urostigma rumphii Ficus affinior Ficus cordifolia Ficus coriacea