Ficus sur Forssk.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Ficus

Characteristics

Tree up to 25(–30) m. tall, sometimes with buttresses.. Leafy twigs white to yellowish (or brownish) puberulous to hirtellous or tomentose, partly hirsute or almost glabrous, periderm mostly not flaking off when dry.. Lamina chartaceous to coriaceous, elliptic to ovate, subovate or oblong, sometimes suborbicular or lanceolate, 4–20(–32) × 3–13(–16) cm., apex acuminate to acute, base subacute to cordate, margin coarsely crenate-dentate to repand or ± entire; upper surface smooth, sometimes scabrous, glabrous or puberulous on the proximal parts of the main veins, lower surface on the whole surface or only on the main veins puberulous to tomentose or glabrous; lateral veins (3–)5–9 pairs; petiole 1.5–9 cm. long, 1–2 mm. thick, puberulous, hirtellous, hirsute, subtomentose or glabrous, periderm usually not flaking off when dry; stipules 1–3.5 cm. long, white to yellow subsericeous, pubescent, hirsute or almost glabrous, caducous or occasionally subpersistent.. Figs on branched leafless branchlets up to 50(–150) cm. long on the older wood, down to the trunk, or occasionally in the leaf-axils; peduncle 0.5–2 cm. long, 1–3 mm. thick; basal bracts 2–3 mm. long; Receptacle obovoid to subglobose, often ± depressed-globose, often stipitate at least when dry, 2–4 cm. in diameter when fresh, 0.5–3 cm. when dry, sparsely white to yellowish puberulous to almost glabrous or densely tomentose to subvelutinous, red to dark orange at maturity.. Fig. 18.
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A fig. This tree varies in form. It can be a small tree up to 6 m tall in dry places or a large spreading tree up to 12-24 m tall in forest. It normally loses its leaves for a short period. The bark is smooth and brownish grey. It has a thick trunk and shallow spreading roots. The leaves are alternate and leathery. They are oval with a pointed tip. The leaves are 10 cm long by 3 cm wide. They can be 23 cm long by 13 cm wide. They are red when young becoming green when mature. They are smooth and sometimes slightly hairy underneath. The leaf stalks are long and with a furrow on the upper surface. Twigs and leaves have milky juice. There are only a few small male flower near the opening of the fig and many female flowers. The fig is pollinated by a small wasp. The figs are roughly round and about 2-4 cm across. They have a prominent opening at the end. They are reddish-yellow when ripe. They hang from the trunk and old main branches. The pulp is sweet. Many figs form one long bunch.
Leaf lamina elliptic to ± ovate or oblong, sometimes subcircular or lanceolate, 4–20(32) x 3–13(16) cm., chartaceous to coriaceous, apex acuminate to acute, base subacute to cordate, margin coarsely crenate-dentate to repand or ± entire; superior surface smooth, sometimes scabrous, glabrous or puberulous on the proximal parts on the main veins, the inferior surface puberulous to tomentose, or glabrous and only the main veins pubescent; lateral veins (3)5–9 pairs; petiole 1.5–9 cm. long, 1–2 mm. thick, puberulous, ± hirsute or subtomentose sometimes glabrous, epidermis usually not flaking off when dry; stipules 1–3.5 cm. long, white to yellowish subsericeous, pubescent or hirsute to glabrescent, caducous.
Tree with rounded crown, up to 12(-25) m high. Leaves alternate, spiralled, thinly leathery, ovate to elliptic (55-200 x 20-130 mm), dark green, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, base rounded to cordate, apex rounded to acute, margins widely and irregularly dentate; petioles 13-90 mm long. Syconia (figs) borne on much-branched leafless branches (trusses), main branches, trunk or roots (syconia borne just below soil level); figs round to pear-shaped, 28-40 mm in diam., usually hairless, green, spotted with minute cream-coloured spots, turning pink/red when ripe; stalk ± 10 mm long.
Receptacle obovoid to subglobose, often ± depressed-globose, often stipitate, at least when dry, 2–4 cm. in diam. when fresh, 0.5–2.5 cm. in diam. when dry, indumentum white to yellowish, ± puberulous to almost glabrous or densely tomentose to subvelutinous, red to dark orange at maturity.
Figs on branching, leafless branchlets up to 50(150) cm. long, on the older wood, down to the trunk, or figs occasionally in the leaf axils or just below the leaves; peduncle 5–20 mm. long, 1–3 mm. thick; basal bracts 2–3 mm. long.
Large tree, up to 25 m high. Leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, glabrous, margin entire or distantly and bluntly dentate. Figs in long clusters on main branches and trunk, stalked, up to 40 mm in diameter, yellow and rosy.
Leafy twigs 2–5 mm. thick, white to yellowish (or brownish) puberulous, hirtellous, tomentose or hirsute to glabrescent, periderm usually not flaking off when dry.
Monoecious tree to 11 m, bark dark grey. Leaves elliptic to ovate, broadly toothed. Figs in panicles on trunk and main branches, 20-40 mm diam., red.
Tree up to 25(30) m. tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 16.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs from sea level to 1600 m altitude. It can be up to 2,100 m. It occurs in areas where the rainfall is 700-1200 mm. It grows in the Sahel. It grows in wet soils. It usually grows near streams. It cannot tolerate cold. It can be grown in sun but is best in shade. It can grow in arid places. It grows in Miombo woodland in Africa. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Riverbanks and in riverine forest, but also in upland forest, woodland and wooded grassland, from sea level to elevations of 2,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe figs are edible but often infected with insects. They can be eaten raw. The seeds are removed. The fruit are eaten in porridge. They can be used for jam or preserves. They can be dried. The young leaves are cooked and eaten. The roots above the ground are eaten when young. The bark is chewed with cola nuts to reduce thirst.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible barks fruits leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Headache (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Sterility (unspecified), Stiffness (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Enema (unspecified), Rickets (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants normally grow naturally from seed. The seeds are very fine. They can be grown from cuttings. Stem cuttings can be treated with rooting hormone. It can be cut back and will re-grow. The pollinator wasps are Ceratosolen capensis, Ceratosolen flabellatus and Ceratosolen silvestrianus.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ficus sur leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Ficus sur leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Ficus sur leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ficus sur flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Ficus sur flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Ficus sur fruit picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Ficus sur fruit picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ficus sur world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cabo Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ficus sur threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853792-1
WFO ID wfo-0000690530
COL ID 6HY6X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sycomorus thonningiana Sycomorus guineensis Sycomorus capensis Ficus ostiolata Ficus beniensis Ficus brassii Ficus gongoensis Ficus lichtensteinii Sycomorus riparia Sycomorus panifica Ficus clethrophylla Ficus erubescens Ficus guineensis Ficus munsae Ficus plateiocarpa Ficus riparia Ficus thonningiana Ficus villosipes Ficus capensis Ficus panifica Ficus stellulata var. glabrescens Ficus capensis var. guineensis Ficus capensis var. trichoneura Ficus ituriensis Ficus kondeensis Ficus mallotocarpa Ficus sur