Hackelochloa Kuntze

Pitscale grass (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae

Characteristics

Annual, tufted or solitary, erect from base. Leaves: ligule an ciliate membrane; blade linear or broadly linear. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, composed of several racemes, each raceme subtended by spatheole; spikelets clustered in pairs on segments of rachis, the segments arranged end to end in spike-like raceme; raceme fragile (easily broken at joints between segments); raceme internodes and pedicels fused together and often concave on one side to form cavity into which sessile spikelets are embedded. Spikelets paired, with one sessile and the other pedicellate, heteromorphous. Sessile spikelets partially embedded in rachis cavity and united with rachis via upper glume, dorsally compressed; glumes very dissimilar, the lower glume swollen and hemispherical or broadly oblong, pitted or reticulate on the back, indurated, the upper glume obovate or elliptic, adhering to the cavity, cartiliganous or membranous; florets 2, the lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma, sterile, palea absent, the upper floret bisexual, with lemma entire and hyaline, with palea slightly shorter than lemma. Pedicellate spikelets sterile or sometimes male, dissimilar to sessile spikelets, with lanceolate glumes, sometimes reduced to glumes only or 2 sterile lemmas or with a lower floret with lemma only and upper floret with lemma and palea, pedicel fused with rachis.
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Annual. Leaf blades flat, linear or linear-lanceolate; ligule a short ciliate membrane. Inflorescence of single axillary racemes aggregated into a spathate compound panicle, peduncle enclosed within spatheole; racemes flattened, dorsiventral, bearing paired spikelets, fragile, obliquely articulated; rachis internodes stoutly oblong, adnate to adjacent pedicel, together forming a cavity, base obliquely truncate with central peg. Sessile spikelet much broader than internode; lower glume brittle, hemispherical, rugose, pitted to honeycombed, wingless, narrowed into a stipelike base; upper glume shorter and narrower, sunk into cavity of rachis; lower floret barren, without a palea; upper floret with entire awnless lemma. Pedicelled spikelet readily disarticulating, narrowly ovate, herbaceous, smooth, narrowly winged; pedicel oblong, adnate to adjacent rachis internode, junction with internode marked by a line. x = 7.
Annuals. Leaf-blades flat, coarse; ligule a very short ciliate membrane. Inflorescence a single raceme, these numerous and aggregated into a spathate false panicle; racemes dorsally compressed; internodes flattened, oblong, cupuliform above, fused to the adjacent pedicel. Sessile spikelet globose; callus truncate, oblique, with a central boss; lower glume hemispherical, crustaceous, pitted and tuberculate, wingless; upper glume partly adherent to the enclosing internode; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma entire and awnless. Caryopsis oblate, slightly dorsally flattened. Pedicelled spikelet narrowly ovate, herbaceous, narrowly winged; pedicel broadly linear, scarcely distinguishable from the internode.
Spikelets very dissimilar, in pairs at the nodes of a disarticulating rachis, the rachis segments and pedicels grown together, more or less clasped by the margins of the first glume of the sessile spikelet; sessile spikelet globose, the first glume indurate, alveolate; pedicellate spikelet conspicuous, staminate or sterile, mem-branaceous, flattened, the first glume broad, rather strongly nerved, acute, the keels winged.
Sessile spikelet globose; callus truncate, oblique, with a central boss; inferior glume hemispherical, crustaceous, rugose to cancellate, granular all over, wingless; superior glume partly adherent to the enclosing internode; inferior floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; superior lemma entire and awnless.
Inflorescence a single axillary raceme, these numerous and aggregated into a spathate false panicle; racemes dorsally compressed; internodes flattened, oblong, cupuliform above, fused to the adjacent pedicel.
Pedicelled spikelet narrowly ovate, herbaceous, the inferior glume narrowly winged; pedicel broadly linear, scarcely distinguishable from the internode.
Ligule a very short ciliate membrane; leaf laminas flat.
Caryopsis oblate, slightly dorsally flattened.
Annuals.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Environment

Usually growing in open, disturbed environments.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
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Cultivation

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Images

Hackelochloa unspecified picture

Distribution

Hackelochloa world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Andorra, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:18154-1
WFO ID wfo-4000016658
COL ID 8VY2S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 628161
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hackelochloa

Lower taxons

Hackelochloa granularis Hackelochloa porifera