Helenium L.

Sneezeweed (en), Hélénie (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae

Characteristics

Annual or perennial herbs. Stems unbranched to strongly branched, glabrous to densely pubescent, winged (not in Australia) or unwinged. Leaves simple, alternate, usually decurrent (not in Australia), entire to pinnatifid. Inflorescence of 1–many capitula, terminal. Capitula heterogamous; involucral bracts 1–3-seriate, with outer bracts exceeding inner ones, reflexed in fruit, gland-dotted; receptacle convex, naked, alveolate. Ray florets female or neuter; ligules showy, mostly yellow. Disc florets 4-or 5-merous, bisexual, cylindrical; anthers sagittate, with small acute auricles at base; style branches flattened, with penicillate tip. Achenes obconical, ribbed, glabrous or pubescent. Pappus persistent, of 5–10 scales, often aristate.
More
Heads mostly radiate, the rays pistillate or neutral, mostly yellow, cuneate, 3-lobed, not very numerous; invol bracts in 2–3 series, subequal or the inner shorter, ± herbaceous, generally soon deflexed, the outer sometimes joined at the base; receptacle convex to ovoid or conic, naked; disk-fls very numerous, perfect, the cor-lobes glandular-hairy; style branches flattened, with ventromarginal stigmatic lines and dilated, subtruncate, penicillate tip; achenes 4–5-angled, with as many intermediate ribs, pubescent on the angles and ribs, or glabrous; pappus of 5–10 scarious or hyaline, often awn-tipped scales; herbs with alternate, glandular-punctate, usually decurrent lvs and solitary to numerous heads. 40, New World.
Annual or perennial herbs. Lvs alternate, simple, entire or serrate, often decurrent. Capitula pedunculate, solitary or in loose cymes. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows, foliaceous or membranous. Receptacle convex, ovoid, or conic; scales 0. Outer florets usually ♀, sometimes sterile, ligulate, usually yellow. Inner florets ☿, tubular, sometimes all florets tubular and ligules 0. Achenes all similar, not compressed, 4-5-angled, narrowed to base, ribbed, often hairy on ribs and angles; pappus of 5-10, often aristate and laciniate scales.
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Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

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