Holarrhena R.Br.

Holarrhena (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae

Characteristics

Small trees or shrubs. Branches pubescent with few lenticels, rarely glabrous. Leaves opposite or subopposite; no glands in the axils. Inflorescence a terminal or seemingly axillary cyme; many-flowered. Sepals often unequal in length, linear to narrowly ovate, pubescent outside, pubescent or glabrous inside; colleters inside few or absent. Corolla lobes dextrorse; mature bud club-shaped with head approximately half of total length; open corolla salverform, corolla tube narrow, white or greenish white; pubescent outside and inside. Stamens inserted near base of corolla tube, completely included in tube; anthers oblong to narrowly ovate with short, mucronate apex, base rounded, fertile entire length; free from the style head. Disk absent. Gynoecium 2-carpellate, apocarpous but apically united into a common style, ovules numerous; glabrous or very sparsely pubescent. Fruit of paired follicles; lenticellate, sometimes only sparsely so. Seeds linear, unbeaked, grooved, with an apical coma.
More
Deciduous shrubs or trees up to 25 m high, with abundant white latex in all parts. Leaves (sub-)opposite, petiole glandular near the base. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, many-flowered; bracts without colleters. Flowers fragrant. Sepals persistent, valvate, with 0–10 colleters at the base. Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylindrical, pubescent at the throat; lobes white, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube; filaments short, pubescent at the base. Pistil glabrous or pubescent; disk absent; ovary ovoid, of two carpels, connate at the extreme base, placentas adaxial; ovules numerous, in 4–8 rows; pistil head ovoid; stigmoid apex bifid. Fruit of two thin-walled slender follicles, dehiscent; seeds glabrous, with a dense tuft of hairs at the apex, 3–6×as long as the seeds; embryo large, with a scanty endosperm; cotyledons large, complicate.
Trees or shrubs with milky latex. Leaves opposite. Cymes terminal or axillary, many flowered. Calyx small, glandular inside at base, glands alternating with lobes. Corolla salverform, tube cylindric, slightly inflated near base, lobes overlapping to right. Stamens inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments short; anthers narrowly ovate, free from pistil head, lobes rounded at base; disc absent. Ovaries 2, distinct; ovules numerous on each placenta. Style short. Follicles 2, distinct, cylindric, dehiscent. Seeds numerous, linear, with coma at 1 end; endosperm scanty.
Ovary superior, carpels 2, connate at the very base only, ovoid, gradually narrowed into the style; disk none; style cylindrical; clavuncula ovoid; stigma bifid; placentas adaxial; ovules numerous.
Seeds numerous, linear to very narrowly oblong, striate, grooved, glabrous, with a dense tuft of hairs at the apex; embryo large, surrounded by the very scanty endosperm.
Leaves opposite or subopposite, those of a pair equal, shortly petiolate, without colleters in the axils; petiole glandular near the base.
Sepals free or connate at the very base, subequal or sometimes unequal, with colleters inside at the base and alternating with the sepals.
Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindrical, slender, wider near the base and apex; lobes contorted in bud and overlapping to the right.
Stamens included, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube; anthers glabrous, basifixed, rounded at the base, mucronate at the apex.
Fruit composed of 2 scarcely diverging mericarps; mericarps follicular, slender, more or less constricted between the seeds.
Inflorescences terminal and/or apparently axillary, cymose, many-flowered.
Flowers sweet-scented, actinomorphic or with sepals only unequal.
Deciduous shrubs or trees with white latex and unarmed branches.
Stipules intrapetiolate and often obscure or absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
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Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Holarrhena unspecified picture

Distribution

Holarrhena world distribution map, present in China and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2371-1
WFO ID wfo-4000018051
COL ID 4XTM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Holarrhena

Lower taxons

Holarrhena congolensis Holarrhena mitis Holarrhena pubescens Holarrhena curtisii Holarrhena floribunda