Holcus mollis L.

Creeping velvetgrass (en), Houlque molle (fr), Avoine molle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Holcus

Characteristics

Strongly rhizomatous, dull bluish green perennials, 15-100 cm, forming loose swards. Leaf-sheath chartaceous, striate, glabrous or shortly pubescent with some longer hairs. Ligule 1-3 mm, ± truncate, denticulate, abaxially shortly pubescent. Leaf-blade 5-17 cm × 2-9 mm, rather stiff, shortly pubescent-scabrid, sometimes with scattered longer hairs or almost glabrous; margins minutely scabrid, tip acute. Culm erect or spreading, often decumbent, nodes loosely to densely bearded, internodes glabrous. Panicle (1)-4-10-(16) × (0.5)-1-2 cm, narrow-oblong or lanceolate, dense to rather lax, erect; rachis with ± sparse minute hairs, branches and very slender pedicels with slightly longer hairs. Spikelets 4-5.8 mm, whitish green, sometimes purplish. Glumes shortly stiff-ciliate on keel, minutely scabrid elsewhere, acute to acuminate; lower slightly shorter, narrow-lanceolate, upper elliptic-lanceolate with strong lateral nerves. Lemma 1-2.5 mm, elliptic-to ovate-lanceolate, with a few prickle-teeth on and near keel or scattered above, otherwise glabrous, ± shining, margins minutely ciliate-scabrid; lower lemma awnless, upper lemma with slightly curved awn, 3-5 mm, inserted c. 0.5 mm below lemma apex, sometimes twisted near base. Palea keels short-ciliate, apex obtusely lobed, short-ciliate. Callus hairs 0.2-0.3 mm, or callus of lower floret glabrous. Rachilla sparsely soft-hairy, hairs to 0.6 mm. Anthers (1)-1.5-2.2 mm. Caryopsis c. 1 × 0.7 mm.
More
Perennial, rhizomatous, usually decumbent. Culms to 100 cm high. Young shoots extravaginal. Leaves mostly scattered along culms; basal sheaths puberulous (upper sheaths glabrous); ligule obtuse, erose, abaxially hairy; blade to 6 (–12) cm long, to 8 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent. Panicles 4–10 cm long; primary branches shortly pilose. Spikelets 4–6 mm long. Glumes muticous: lower glume c. 4 mm long, with midnerve scabrous; upper glume slightly longer, acute. Lemma narrowly ovate, c. 2–2.3 mm long, obtuse, keeled, 5-nerved, glabrous; callus with 4–6 rigid hairs c. 0.6 mm long. Upper floret male; callus densely bearded with hairs to 0.6 mm long; lemma awn up to 4 mm long, protruding beyond glumes, subapical, with twisted column, straight or geniculate or curved.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality androdioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.9
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A weed of damp areas. 
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Uses environmental use fodder
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Holcus mollis habit picture by David ZAOUCH (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis habit picture by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Holcus mollis leaf picture by Andrea Gasser (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis leaf picture by Christian Anfall (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis leaf picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Holcus mollis flower picture by Stéphane Michard (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis flower picture by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis flower picture by Kellerhals Harald (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Holcus mollis fruit picture by Jetze Harkink (cc-by-sa)
Holcus mollis fruit picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Holcus mollis world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:123530-2
WFO ID wfo-0000874519
COL ID 3M7ZK
BDTFX ID 75173
INPN ID 102901
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Holcus triflorus Avena mollis Holcus reuteri Notholcus mollis Holcus longiaristatus Holcus densus Aira holcus-mollis Aira mollis Avena sylvatica Ginannia mollis Holcus mollis subsp. reuteri Holcus mollis var. biaristatus Holcus mollis var. parviflorus Holcus mollis var. triflorus Holcus mollis subsp. triflorus Holcus mollis