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Hordeum distichon L.

Orge à deux rangs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Hordeum

Characteristics

Annual, erect. Culms (29–) 41–77 cm high. Leaves with robust auricles 2–2.25 mm long; ligule c. 0.25 mm long, hyaline; blade 13–23 cm long, 3–8 mm wide, flat, adaxially scabrous or sparsely pilose. Inflorescence 14–24 cm long; rachis not shattering. Lateral spikelets sterile; glumes bristle-like, ciliolate. Bisexual spikelets: lower glume subulate to narrowly oblong, c. 5 mm long, acuminate, chartaceous (margin membranous, smooth), with midnerve and intercostal regions pilose; lemma elliptic, c. 6 mm long, long-acuminate, with awn 6.5–13 cm long, similar in firmness to glumes, with intercostal regions glabrous; palea infolded along midnerve, with nerves glabrous; anthers 2–3 mm long.
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Plants annual. Culms erect, 60–80 cm tall, 5-or 6-noded, smooth, glabrous. Leaf sheath usually shorter than internode; ligule membranous; auricles present, surrounding culm; leaf blade 15–20 × 0.6–0.7 cm. Spike erect, distichous, 10–20 × 0.7–0.8 cm; rachis flexible, margin pubescent. Lateral spikelets: pedicellate, sterile; pedicel ca. 2 mm; glumes ca. 5 × 0.5 mm, awn slender, ca. 5 mm; lemma ca. 8 mm. Central spikelet: fertile; glumes ca. 5 mm, awn slender, ca. 5 mm; lemma ca. 10 mm, awn to 15 cm; caryopsis adherent to or free from lemma and palea. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
An annual grass. It grows 15-20 cm high. Only the central spike of each 3 is fertile so there ends up 2 long rows or fertile spikes in each spikelet.
Life form annual
Growth form graminoid
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Not known in the wild. Occurs as a relict of cultivation in Britain but it does not persist.
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Generallyrestricted to roadsides, probably mostly as an occasional crop escape.
It is a temperate plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

It is often used for malting for beer.
Uses fiber medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Demulcent (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Hordeum distichon unspecified picture

Distribution

Hordeum distichon world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Switzerland, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, France, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:405213-1
WFO ID wfo-0000874759
COL ID 3MNWP
BDTFX ID 34820
INPN ID 102953
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hordeum aestivum Hordeum bohemicum Hordeum distichon Hordeum elisabethpolense Hordeum eriwanense Hordeum germanicum Hordeum glabrum Hordeum irregulare Hordeum nudideficiens Hordeum nudum Hordeum richardsonii Hordeum turkestanicum Hordeum volhynicum Hordeum zeocriton Zeocriton commune Zeocriton vulgare Hordeum deficiens Hordeum europaeum Hordeum imberbe Hordeum laxum Hordeum lenkoranicum Hordeum vilmorianum Hordeum anglicum Hordeum anglicum Hordeum chevalieri Hordeum kenti Hordeum korshinskianum Hordeum monticola Hordeum praecocius Hordeum princeps Hordeum scandinavicum Hordeum suecicum Hordeum werneri Hordeum wolgense Hordeum nudum Zeocriton distichon Hordeum distichon subsp. nudum Hordeum distichon subsp. zeocriton Hordeum distichon var. erythraeum Hordeum distichon var. nudum Hordeum distichon var. pseudozeocriton Hordeum distichon var. zeocriton Hordeum vulgare subsp. deficiens Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichon Hordeum vulgare var. deficiens Hordeum vulgare var. distichon Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Hordeum colchicum Hordeum sativum var. distichon Hordeum vulgare var. distichon Hordeum sativum var. nudum Hordeum distichon var. distichon
WorldFloraDB 2024