Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Ichnocarpus

Characteristics

Climber or trailing shrub to 20 m high. Branchlets glabrous, puberulent only around nodes, puberulent all over or shortly tomentose, frequently becoming glabrous and sparsely lenticellate with age. Leaves: petiole 4.5-29 mm long, glabrous, puberulent or tomentose; blade papery or subcoriaceous, elliptic or ovate, rarely obovate, 1.3-15 by 0.4-8.5 cm, 1.3-4.4 times as long as wide, apex usually short acuminate, more rarely acute or obtuse, base cuneate to rounded, puberulent only on midrib beneath, sparsely to densely tomentose all over beneath and sparsely so above or glabrous, 4-8 pairs of secondary veins. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, 0.8-17 cm long, peduncle and pedicels puberulent or short tomentose, more rarely glabrous; bracts ovate, deciduous; pedicels 1-5 mm long. Sepals ovate, thickened at base, usually spreading, 0.6-2.4 by 0.3-1.1 mm, 1.1-3.7 times as long as wide, apex acute or, more rarely, acuminate or obtuse, puberulent or almost glabrous; colleters few or absent. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes with a darker centre; tube 2-4 by 1-1.4 mm, 1.5-3.4 times as long as calyx, 0.5-1 times as long as lobes, outside glabrous to densely puberulent, glabrous or pubescent inside in upper part of tube; lobes 2.6-6.2 by 0.9-1.3 mm, 3.3-6.1 times as long as wide, ciliate, outside glabrous or puberulent on that part exposed in bud, villous at tube throat. Stamens inserted 0.9-1.7 mm from base which is 0.4-0.7 of tube length; filaments 0.2-0.5 mm long; anthers elliptic, 0.9-1.7 by 0.3-0.5 mm, apex mucronate, base short sagittate. Disk lobes narrow, separate, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-2.2 times as long as ovary, slightly bulging on top. Ovaries 0.3-0.7 mm long, pubescent; style 0.4-1.7 mm long; style head 0.7-1.8 mm long with a globular base. Fruit tomentose, sometimes becoming glabrous, 0.5-17.1 cm by 1-5 mm. Seeds elliptic or linear, 7-26 by 0.8-2 mm; coma fawn, cream or white, 1.8-3.8 cm long.
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Liane. Leaves with dense to velutinous indumentum; petiole 5–12 mm long; lamina lanceolate-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2.5–9 cm long, 2–6.5 cm wide, rounded to cuneate, apiculate, acute or shortly acuminate; secondary veins 5–7 each side of midrib; tertiary venation reticulate, very prominent. Inflorescence with 1–many fascicles. Flowers 4.5–6 mm long, 3–9 mm diam.; pedicels 2–4 mm long. Sepals lanceolate to ovate-triangular, 0.7–2.3 mm long. Corolla cream; tube 2.7–3.5 mm long, 1–1.8 mm diam.; lobes lanceolate, 2–6 m long. Stamens inserted in upper 1–1.5 mm of tube. Fruit 5.5–13 cm long. Seeds oblong, 7–8 mm long.
A trailing shrub or woody climber. It grows 4-8 m high. The stems are long and twining. The young growth has rusty hairs. The leaves are stalked. They are 2.8-10 cm long by 0.8-6 cm wide. They are oval or sword shaped. They are dark green above and hairy underneath. The flowers are white and have a scent. They occur in leafy flat topped flower arrangements in axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The fruit is a many seeded fruit. It is slender and cylindrical. It is 8-12 cm long by 1-1.5 cm wide. The seeds are very slender and 1-2 cm long.
Lianas to 10 m. Branchlets pubescent when young, soon glabrous. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade 5-11 X 2.5-4.5 cm, pubescent or glabrous abaxially; lateral veins 5-7 pairs. Inflorescences many flowered, 3-8 cm, most flowers in pedunculate heads. Calyx densely pubescent. Corolla tube ca. 2.5 mm; lobes narrowly oblong, ca. 5 mm. Anthers elliptic; disc lobes free, linear, longer than ovary. Ovaries pubescent. Follicles cylindric, 8-15 cm X 4-5 mm, slightly torulose, pubescent. Seeds linear, coma ca. 2.5 cm. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Dec. 2n = 20.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 14.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It can also grow in warm temperate regions. In Nepal it grows between 150-900 m altitude. In northern Australia it grows from sea level to 720 m altitude. It grows in open as well as shady places. It needs a well drained soil. It can tolerate moderate frosts. In Yunnan.
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Occurs in deciduous and evergreen notophyll vine forests in a variety of soil types.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use fuel invertebrate food material medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Diabetes mellitus (flower), Pain (flower), Sprains and strains (flower), Abdominal pain (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Edema (leaf), Exanthema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hypercholesterolemia (leaf), Hypertension (leaf), Hypoglycemic agents (leaf), Pain (leaf), Skin diseases, infectious (leaf), Sprains and strains (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Scabies (plant exudate), Analgesics (root), Anemia (root), Antiemetics (root), Antifungal agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antineoplastic agents (root), Antioxidants (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Antitussive agents (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Demulcents (root), Diabetes mellitus (root), Diarrhea (root), Diuretics (root), Dysentery (root), Dyspepsia (root), Dysuria (root), Disorder of ejaculation (root), Eye diseases (root), Fatigue (root), Fever (root), Filariasis (root), Galactogogues (root), Hemostatics (root), Hypoglycemic agents (root), Jaundice (root), Kidney calculi (root), Kidney diseases (root), Leukorrhea (root), Muscle weakness (root), Myalgia (root), Pain (root), Premature ejaculation (root), Rat-bite fever (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Scorpion stings (root), Skin diseases (root), Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (root), Snake bites (root), Stomach ulcer (root), Syphilis (root), Thirst (root), Tongue diseases (root), Urinary bladder calculi (root), Urination disorders (root), Urologic diseases (root), Vomiting (root), Diaphoretic (root), Fever (shoot), Exanthema (stem), Fatigue (stem), Fever (stem), Muscle weakness (stem), Myalgia (stem), Rickets (stem), Tooth diseases (stem), Headache (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Atrophy (unspecified), Bite(Dog) (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Cachexia (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Cramp (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Gum (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Measles (unspecified), Night-Blindness (unspecified), Palsy (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Splenitis (unspecified), Stone (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tongue (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Tumor(Glands) (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Ardor (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Delirium (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Megalospleny (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Abdominal neoplasms (unspecified), Acne vulgaris (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Antipruritics (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Disorder of ejaculation (unspecified), Exanthema (unspecified), Fatigue (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Insect bites and stings (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Malnutrition (unspecified), Muscle cramp (unspecified), Neoplasms, glandular and epithelial (unspecified), Nephrolithiasis (unspecified), Night blindness (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Periodontal diseases (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Spider bites (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Tongue diseases (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (unspecified), Urinary calculi (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (whole plant), Anticonvulsants (whole plant), Antioxidants (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Antiviral agents (whole plant), Asthma (whole plant), Atrophy (whole plant), Cholera (whole plant), Cough (whole plant), Delirium (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Glossitis (whole plant), Hematuria (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant), Neoplasms (whole plant), Periodontal diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seed or cuttings.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ichnocarpus frutescens unspecified picture

Distribution

Ichnocarpus frutescens world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:79384-1
WFO ID wfo-0000217289
COL ID 6MRZ9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ichnocarpus bantamensis Ichnocarpus dasycalyx Ichnocarpus leptodictyus Ichnocarpus ovatifolius Ichnocarpus oxypetalus Ichnocarpus sogerensis Micrechites sinensis Beluttakaka malabarica Thyrsanthus parviflorus Ichnocarpus microcalyx Ichnocarpus moluccanus Ichnocarpus navesii Ichnocarpus volubilis Apocynum crassifolium Quirivelia bantamensis Quirivelia frutescens Quirivelia zeylanica Springia indica Tabernaemontana parviflora Aganosma affinis Echites affinis Echites caryophyllatus Echites caudatus Echites ferrugineus Echites frutescens Echites malabaricus Ichnocarpus volubilis f. sogerensis Ichnocarpus frutescens f. sogerensis Carruthersia daronensis Chonemorpha bantamensis Chonemorpha malabarica Echites caudatus Echites trichonemus Echites bantamensis Gardenia volubilis Gardenia sinensis Ichnocarpus affinis Echites trichonema Ichnocarpus frutescens var. ovatifolius Ichnocarpus frutescens var. leptodictyus Ichnocarpus frutescens var. pubescens Ichnocarpus frutescens var. parvifolia Echites caryophyllatus Apocynum frutescens Periploca palvalli Ichnocarpus frutescens var. frutescens Ichnocarpus frutescens