Illigera Blume

Genus

Angiosperms > Laurales > Hernandiaceae

Characteristics

Generally medium-sized woody climbers, climbing with the aid of twisted petioles. Leaves 3(-5)-foliolate, seldom simple and 3-lobed (not in Malesia); leaflets petioluled, top mostly acuminate, veins loop-like with midrib and lateral nerves curved towards apex or basal. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, many-or few-flowered; partial inflorescences cincinni, paired or simple, with bracts; bracts persistent (or caducous). Flowers bisexual, 5-merous, perianth segments (tepals) in two rows, valvate in bud, oblong, inner ones linear, deciduous; outer ones 3-5-nerved, inner ones 1-3-nerved; ovary ovoid, 4-angled, in fruit the angles grown out into 2 or 4 wings, style filiform; stamens 5, inserted opposite the outer tepals and alternating with sessile glands, or glands absent (I. celebica)', filaments straight and slightly flattened, or inwardly coiled and conspicuously flattened, each at base with two inflated, membranous, shortly stiped appendages, or appendages clavate and solid; anthers ovoid. Fruit a samara; the nut with 2 longer and 2 shorter lateral wings (or wings sometimes absent), wings membranous, suborbicular or Ungulate. Seeds with membranous testa; cotyledons free, more or less planoconvex, or slightly unequal.
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Lianes climbing by means of twisting petioles, usually evergreen. Leaves 3-or rarely 5-foliolate, very rarely simple and 3-lobed. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, the individual elements simple or paired branched cincinni. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous; buds ellipsoid or rarely globose. Tepals in 2 whorls of 5, valvate, deciduous, the outer 3–5-nerved, the inner 1–3-nerved. Stamens 5, opposite the outer tepals, almost always alternating with sessile glands; filaments straight to S-shaped and not flattened or circinate and flattened, with 2 small clavate or stipitate inflated membranous appendages; anthers ovoid, dehiscing by valves which reflex back when open, hinged on the upper exterior part of the theca-margin. Ovary ovoid, 4-angled, 2–4 of the angles developing into lateral wings in the fruit, when 4 then 2 shorter than the others.
Lianas, climbing by leaf petioles, evergreen. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate [rarely 5-foliolate], petiolate; leaflets petiolulate. Panicle composed of axillary cymes, rarely terminal. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual. Perianth segments (tepals) in 2 rows, valvate in bud. Outer tepals (sepals) oblong or narrowly elliptic, rarely ovate-elliptic, 3-5-veined. Inner tepals (petals) similar to outer ones, 1-3-veined. Stamens 5, epigynous; filaments each at base with 2 appendages, inflated, membranous and shortly stipitate or appendages clavate and solid; anthers opening by valves. Stamens alternating with mostly 5 small (interstaminal) glands. Ovule pendulous from apex of locule; style filiform; stigma dilated into an undulate crest. Fruit 2-4-winged; wings brown when dry, broad, striate. Seed solitary, with membranous testa; cotyledons plano-convex.
Climbing shrubs, bisexual. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate (on Christmas Island), scattered along climbing stems; petiole long. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary, bracteate, lax, panicle-like cyme; peduncle long. Perianth segments in 2 whorls of 5, narrowly oblong, valvate, deciduous; inner whorl narrower. Stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes; filaments each with 2 spathulate to tubular glands at base; anthers bilocular, opening by 2 lateral valves. Style grooved; stigma discoid, oblique. Fruit nut-like, 4-angled, longitudinally 2–4-winged, coriaceous.
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Foliage retention evergreen
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

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