Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.

Cogongrass (en), Impérata cylindrique (fr), Impérate cylindrique (fr), Paille de diss (fr), Paillotte (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Imperata

Characteristics

Perennial, basal sheaths becoming fibrous; rhizomes widely spreading, tough, scaly. Culms solitary or tufted, 25–120 cm tall, 1.5–3 mm in diam., 1–4-noded, nodes glabrous or bearded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose at margin and mouth; leaf blades flat or rolled, stiffly erect, 20–100 × 0.8–2 cm, culm blades 1–3 cm, adaxial surface puberulous, margins scabrid, base straight or narrowed, apex long acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Panicle cylindrical, copiously hairy, 6–20 cm, lowermost branches sometimes loose. Spikelets 2.5–6 mm; callus with 12–16 mm silky hairs; glumes 5–9-veined, back with long silky hairs ca. 3 times glume length, apex slightly obtuse or acuminate; lower lemma ovate-lanceolate, 2/3 length of glumes, ciliate, acute or denticulate; upper lemma ovate, 1/2 length of glumes, denticulate, ciliate, palea equal to lemma. Anthers 2, 2–4 mm. Stigmas purplish black. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. 2n = 20.
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Strongly rhizomatous perennial, 0.1-1.2 m high. Leaf blade up to 1500 x 2-12 mm, broad in middle, narrowed at apex and base, reddish in winter; ligule a fringed membrane. Inflorescence a dense, cylindrical, spike-like panicle, white to silvery due to long silky hairs from callus, spikelets paired, similar, unequally pedicelled. Spikelets 3-6 mm long, awnless, enveloped in long silky hairs from callus and glumes; glumes equal, similar, as long as spikelet. Florets 2; lower floret sterile, rarely male; upper floret bisexual; lemma less firm than glumes, hyaline; anther 3.0-3.5 mm long. Flowering time Aug.-June.
Perennial 100-1200 mm high; strongly rhizomatous. Leaf blade to 1500 x 2-12 mm, broad in middle, narrowed at apex and base, reddish in winter. Inflorescence a dense cylindrical spike-like panicle, white to silvery due to long silky hairs from callus. Spikelet 3-6 mm long, awnless; glumes as long as spikelet; anther 3.0-3.5 mm long.
A grass which keeps growing from year to year. It has rhizomes. The stems are smooth. They are hairy at the nodes. The leaves are flat and somewhat erect. They are 50 cm long. The flowers are silvery white panicles. They can be 20 cm long. Imperata cylindrica is usually 1 m tall. and Imperata exaltata is 2m.
Perennial; up to 1.2 m high; strongly rhizomatous; in dense stands. Culms erect. Leaf blades up to 1500 x 2-12 mm; broad in middle; narrowed at apex and base; reddish in winter. Flowers: panicle compact; cylindrical; silky; white; spikelets all alike; 3-6 mm long.
Perennial, strongly rhizomatous, up to 1.2 m high. Leaf blades up to 1500 mm long, 2-12 mm wide, leaves broad in middle, narrowed at tip and base, reddish in winter. Spikelets all alike, 3-6 mm long. Panicle dense, silky, white, cylindrical.
Strongly rhizomatous perennial to 1 m. Leaves linear-lanceolate, Spikelets in a dense, cylindrical, white-silky panicle, awnless.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.35 - 0.55
Mature height (meter) 0.73 - 1.2
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.65
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a tropical plant. They occupy very large areas of open space in the Philippines. Very common and widely distributed. It can stand light frosts. It often grows in sandy habitats and along streams. It can survive frequent burning. It can grow in salty soils. It grows from sea level to 2,100 m above sea level. It needs good light. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 8-12. In Yunnan.
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Open sandy habitats, usually by a river or the sea shore in Europe. Commonly found on impoverished soils in Australia.
Open sandy habitats, usually by a river or the sea shore in Europe. Commonly found on impoverished soils in Australia.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The young unopened flower is eaten raw. They are sometimes eaten as a potherb or fried or put into soups. The runners contain starch. This is sweet and can be chewed or eaten and has been used for making beer. The plant is the source of an edible manna. The rhizomes are mixed with sugar to make a drink.
Uses animal food construction environmental use fiber fodder food fuel gene source material medicinal ornamental potherb social use
Edible flowers leaves rhizomes roots shoots
Therapeutic use Antiviral agents (aerial part), Antiviral agents (flower), Astringents (flower), Diuretics (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Fever (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (leaf), Lithiasis (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (rhizome), Antiviral agents (rhizome), Ascaris (rhizome), Astringents (rhizome), Diuretics (rhizome), Dysuria (rhizome), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (rhizome), General tonic for rejuvenation (rhizome), Stomach diseases (rhizome), Urolithiasis (rhizome), Acute catarrhal conjuctivitis (root), Anthelmintics (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Antiviral agents (root), Arthritis (root), Astringents (root), Calculi (root), Diarrhea (root), Diuretics (root), Dysentery (root), Dysuria (root), Emollients (root), Erysipelas (root), Eye diseases (root), Fever (root), Gonorrhea (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Hemostasis (root), Hepatomegaly (root), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (root), Kidney calculi (root), Kidney diseases (root), Lactation (root), Leukorrhea (root), Pain (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Scorpion stings (root), Snake bites (root), Splenomegaly (root), Stomach diseases (root), Thirst (root), Tuberculosis (root), Urinary bladder diseases (root), Urinary calculi (root), Urination disorders (root), Urologic diseases (root), Uterine diseases (root), Uterine hemorrhage (root), Hemostasis (seed), Wound healing (seed), Hepatomegaly (stem), Lithiasis (stem), Snake bites (stem), Splenomegaly (stem), Analeptic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Cancer(Cervix) (unspecified), Cancer(Stomach) (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cancer(Esophagus) (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Epistaxis (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Hemoptysis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hemostatic (unspecified), Hepatoma (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Myalgia (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Nightsweats (unspecified), Obstipation (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Restorative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor(Nose) (unspecified), Vaginismus (unspecified), Viristat (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Antivinous (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Hematemesis (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Cystitis (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hemostasis (unspecified), Acute and chronic pyelitis (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urolithiasis (unspecified), Anticoagulants (whole plant), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant), Antiviral agents (whole plant), Astringents (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by division of the clump.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -14
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Imperata cylindrica habit picture by Tim Rutland (cc-by-sa)
Imperata cylindrica habit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Imperata cylindrica leaf picture by NICOLAS VERON (cc-by-sa)
Imperata cylindrica leaf picture by Syl Tvnr (cc-by-sa)
Imperata cylindrica leaf picture by Ukiah Hawkins (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Imperata cylindrica flower picture by Ferrari Noemi (cc-by-sa)
Imperata cylindrica flower picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)
Imperata cylindrica flower picture by Fadlan Solichin (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Imperata cylindrica fruit picture by javad54 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Imperata cylindrica world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Botswana, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Congo, Comoros, Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Palau, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30138371-2
WFO ID wfo-0000875631
COL ID 6N862
BDTFX ID 35727
INPN ID 103562
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Imperata cylindrica f. pallida Calamagrostis lagurus Imperata angolensis Imperata dinteri Imperata koenigii Imperata latifolia Imperata pedicellata Imperata praecoquis Imperata robustior Imperata thunbergii Lagurus cylindricus Saccharum cylindricum Saccharum diandrum Saccharum indum Saccharum koenigii Saccharum sisca Saccharum thunbergii Imperata allang Imperata arundinacea Imperata filifolia Imperata sisca Saccharum europaeum Saccharum spicatum Saccharum spicatum Imperata laguroides Imperata sieberi Saccharum laguroides Imperata thunbergii Imperata arundinacea var. africana Imperata arundinacea var. europaea Imperata arundinacea var. indica Imperata arundinacea var. koenigii Imperata arundinacea var. latifolia Imperata arundinacea var. pedicellata Imperata cylindrica subsp. koenigii Imperata cylindrica var. africana Imperata cylindrica var. europaea Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii Imperata cylindrica var. latifolia Imperata cylindrica var. major Imperata cylindrica var. parviflora Imperata cylindrica var. pedicellata Imperata cylindrica var. thunbergii Imperata koenigii var. major Imperata cylindrica var. cylindrica Imperata arundinacea var. glabrescens Saccharum cylindricum var. europaeum Arundo epigeios Imperata cylindrica