Landolphia owariensis P.Beauv.

White rubber vine (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Landolphia

Characteristics

Liana up to 100 m long, less often a shrub up to 3 m high; trunk up to 40 cm in diameter; bark grey-brown, rough, smooth or fissured, with or without protuding lenticels; branchlets brown pubescent, sometimes glabrous.. Leaves petiolate, blade ovate or obovate to narrowly oblong, 2.1–16(–28) cm long, 1.1–6 cm wide, acuminate to obtuse at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, glabrous to puberulous on both sides, always pubescent to puberulous on midrib and secondary veins; petiole 1–12 mm long, pubescent, sometimes glabrous.. Inflorescence terminal or on tendrils, in many-flowered lax to congested cymes; peduncle 0–15 cm long, pubescent, sometimes glabrous; pedicels 0.5–2.8 mm long.. Flowers fragrant; sepals appearing red due to pubescence outside, ovate to oblong, 1.2–4 mm long, 1.5–3.2 mm wide, ciliate; corolla white or creamy, rarely yellow, turning pink to red after anthesis; tube urceolate to almost cylindrical, 6–9.9 mm long, variably puberulous outside; lobes oblong, 1.7–9.9 mm long, 1–3.2 mm wide, auriculate at the right side; stamens included for 0.3–2 mm, inserted 3–6.3 mm above the corolla base; ovary with a pubescent to lanate belt 0.4–1.1 mm at the retuse apex.. Fruit yellow-orange or purple-blue, globose to broadly ovoid, 2.2–15 cm long, 1.8–15 cm in diameter, smooth or rough, sclerified, often lenticellate, pulp white or yellow sometimes orange tinged, many-seeded; fruit pericarp 0.2–15 mm thick; seeds brown to red brown, up to 18 mm long.. Fig. 6 (p. 23).
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A large woody creeper or liana. It is a climbing plant. It is very variable. It can grow 20-100 m long. The stem can be 1 m around. Young twigs have rusty hairs. The leaves are thinly leathery. The leaf blade is 8-12 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. It is oblong with a short tip. The base is rounded. It is glossy above and mat underneath. The flowers are white or cream coloured and have a sweet scent. The fruit are the size of an orange. They can be 15 cm across. They have a reddish-brown woody shell. The pulp is acid and sweet. The seeds are 10-18 mm long. The plant varies a lot.
Corolla tube 6–6·5 mm. long, swollen in the upper half but the wall not thickened, constricted at the mouth, puberulent on outer surface and pubescent internally above the stamens; corolla lobes 2–3·5 x 1–1·5 mm., elliptic, subglabrous on outer surface and glabrous within.
Upper surface glossy, brownish-green when dry, glabrous, midrib impressed, other nerves raised or level; lower surface mat, pale brownish when dry, lamina glabrous or sparsely pubescent near the petiole, midrib subglabrous to hispid, all nerves raised.
Liane climbing to 12 m. or more; young twigs ferrugineous-pubescent, indumentum later becoming greyish, rather persistent; bark on young branches dark reddish brown with tiny circular white lenticels.
Leaves thinly coriaceous; petiole c. 5 mm. long, pubescent all round; lamina 7·5–11·6 x 3–4·4 cm., oblong, apex shortly acuminate, acumen rounded, base rounded.
Calyx 2–2·5 mm. long, lobes broadly elliptic, densely appressed ferrugineous-pubescent, the indumentum characteristically parted along the median line.
Inflorescences terminal many-flowered capitate or lax cymose panicles on peduncles 0-1·8 cm. long; axes densely ferrugineous-pubescent.
Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube so that the anthers reach to 1 mm. of the mouth; anthers subsessile, c. 0·75 mm. long.
Ovary c. 0·5 mm. high, compressed-globose, pubescent; style, clavuncle and stigma 3–3·5 mm. long.
Fruit up to 15 cm. in diameter, globose, yellow or green turning brown, inedible.
Flowers white or cream-coloured, sweet-scented.
Seeds 10–18 mm. long.
Tendrils uncommon.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical Africa. It grows in deciduous and evergreen forests. In Nigeria it has been recorded at 1,440 m above sea level. It quickly regenerates and fruits after fires. In Congo it grows from sea level to 1,700 m above sea level.
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A shrub growing in the savannah, or a huge liana of secondary deciduous and dense forests.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are used to make a drink. They are very acid. They are also eaten raw. They are used for jams and jellies. The fruit are also eaten including the seeds.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal social use
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Landolphia owariensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Landolphia owariensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Chad, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:79672-1
WFO ID wfo-0000222837
COL ID 3S6Q5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Landolphia leiocalyx Landolphia stolzii Landolphia turbinata Paederia owariensis Vahea owariensis Landolphia droogmansiana Landolphia gentilii Landolphia glaberrima Landolphia humilis Landolphia mayumbensis Landolphia miegeana Landolphia stapfiana Landolphia tomentella Pacouria owariensis Landolphia owariensis var. leiocalyx Landolphia owariensis var. tomentella Landolphia owariensis var. tomentosa Landolphia owariensis var. rubiginosa Landolphia pierrei Landolphia owariensis var. owariensis Landolphia owariensis