Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

Oxeye daisy (en), Grande marguerite (fr), Leucanthème commun (fr), Marguerite commune (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Leucanthemum

Characteristics

Scarcely scented, perennial herb. Stems erect, up to c. 1 m tall, usually sparsely to densely villous below and glabrous above, rarely hairy or glabrous above and below, striate, simple or branched at base or sometimes above, rooting toward base. Basal and lower cauline lvs long-petiolate, elliptic, obovate or spathulate, obtuse at apex, cuneate, coarsely 1-2-serrate, crenate, or shallowly 1-(2)-pinnatifid, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy on petiole and midrib, very rarely moderately hairy, up to 12-(18) × 2-(4) cm; cauline lvs similar to basal but above becoming smaller, apetiolate, narrow-oblong, amplexicaul, with few distant teeth or sometimes entire, and often auriculate at base. Involucral bracts 3-8 mm long, glabrous; margins and apex brown, membranous; inner bracts with extended, broad, apical flap. Capitula solitary or few in corymbs, (25)-30-60-(65) mm diam.; ray florets (9)-18-33; ligules white; disc florets numerous, yellow. Achenes c. 2.5 mm long, dark brown with pale ribs; achenes of disc florets mostly ± terete, with 10 ± equal ribs, and corona 0; achenes of ray florets similar to those of disc florets, but sometimes flattened with lateral ribs somewhat extended, 3 ribs on outer surface and 5 ribs on inner surface, rarely achene 3-angled, sometimes with irregular corona c. 0.3 mm long.
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Perennial herb to c. 100 cm high, eglandular, with scattered coarse hairs on lower parts of stems and on lower-stem leaves, becoming glabrous. Leaves with few–several lobes or undivided; base developing basal lobes above mid-stem; margin dentate to crenulate, with up to c. 15 teeth/crenulations per side; mid-stem leaves oblanceolate to narrow-oblong, to c. 4 cm long. Capitula 1–3, 3–6 cm diam.; peduncle glabrous; involucre 7–10 mm long, glabrous; outer bracts lanceolate, 2.5–7 mm long, not keeled, with margin brown; inner bracts with hyaline extension c. 1 mm long; mature receptacle convex. Ray floret ligule c. 10–15 mm long, white. Disc florets numerous; corolla 2–2.5 mm long; tube as long as and becoming as wide as limb; limb yellow. Achenes obovoid, c. 1.5–2.5 mm long, mid to dark red between raised pale ribs. Pappus on ray florets a minute corona c. 0.5 mm long.
A daisy plant. It is a herb and has a short rootstock and keeps growing from year to year. It grows 100 cm high and spreads 60 cm wide. It spreads by underground rhizomes. It has few hairs. The leaves at the base have leaf stalks. The leaves are oblong with coarse teeth or divided. They are 2.5-7.5 cm long. The leaves on the stem do not have leaf stalks and clasp the stem. The leaves have coarse teeth. The lower leaves are on slender stalks. The upper leaves clasp the stem. The flowers are daisy like. They are yellow in the centre and white on the outside. The flower heads occur singly at the end of long flower stalks. They are 2.5-5 cm across. The fruit is a dry ribbed achene. The flowers are large and solitary. The flowers grow on long stems to 50 cm high. There is a ring of green sepals underneath the petals.
Perennial herb, 0.3-1.0 m high. Leaves with basal ones in a rosette, roundish to obovate-spathulate, margins crenate to dentate or more deeply lobed, sparsely or nearly glabrous, on long petioles, upper leaves sessile, oblong to narrowly spathulate, decreasing in size upwards, margins toothed to pinnatifid. Capitula radiate, solitary on long, nearly nude stalks. Ray florets female, fertile, white. Disc florets bisexual, fertile, corolla yellow, 5-lobed, tube basally swollen and spongy in fruit, especially abaxially. Flowering time Nov. Pappus of 2 minute scales in ray florets, absent in disc florets. Cypselae narrowly obovate, compressed, ± 10-ribbed.
Perennial herb. Basal leaves in a rosette, roundish to obovate-spathulate, margins crenate to dentate or more deeply lobed, on long petioles. Stem leaves sessile, oblong to narrowly spathulate, margins toothed to pinnatifid. Heads solitary on long, nearly nude stalks. Flowers with white rays, disc yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.35 - 0.55
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 0.95
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It does well at high altitudes and in rainy areas. It often grows along roadsides. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 3-9. Tasmania Herbarium.
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A common weed of grassy fields on all the better types of soil, avoiding acid soils and shade.
Grows in disturbed sites such as roadsides.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The flowers are washed and blanched in salt water then added as a garnish to foods. They are also used in wine making. Young plants can be eaten to add a bitter taste to food. Young leaves are occasionally eaten as a pot-herb. They are also finely chopped and used in salads. Caution: It should only be eaten in small quantities.
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A cultivated daisy in gardens, including various cultivars.
Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Eye Medicine (flower), Tonic (flower), Dermatological Aid (flower), Eye Medicine (root), Febrifuge (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Central nervous system depressants (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Estrogen receptor modulators (unspecified), Exanthema (unspecified), Hypothermia (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Tinea pedis (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Asthma (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Nervous system diseases (whole plant), Parasympatholytics (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant), Sweating (whole plant), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (whole plant), Whooping cough (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It grows easily from seed. It can also be grown by division of the clump.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Leucanthemum vulgare habit picture by Cyrille Raynard (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare habit picture by thsnielsen (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare habit picture by doune34160 (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Leucanthemum vulgare leaf picture by angela harms (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare leaf picture by Rolf Sandner (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare leaf picture by Stijn Vranckx (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Leucanthemum vulgare flower picture by Siren Chthonia (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare flower picture by Barry Cornelius (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare flower picture by Franklin Barrett (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Leucanthemum vulgare fruit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum vulgare fruit picture by Gabriella Mampreso (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Leucanthemum vulgare world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230103-1
WFO ID wfo-0000036932
COL ID 723WW
BDTFX ID 38749
INPN ID 105817
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Leucanthemum vulgare Chrysanthemum montanum Chrysanthemum lanceolatum Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. leucanthemum Chrysanthemum vulgare var. vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare var. vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. incisum Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. praecox Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. leucanthemum Chrysanthemum montanum var. heterophyllum Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. lanceolatum Chrysanthemum leucanthemum f. leucanthemum Leucanthemum atratum var. heterophyllum Leucanthemum lanceolatum

Lower taxons

Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. parviceps Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. pujiulae Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. eliasii