Matthiola incana (L.) W.T.Aiton

Tenweeks stock (en), Violier (fr), Matthiole blanchie (fr), Matthiole annuelle (fr), giroflée annuelle (fr), giroflée blanche (fr), Matthiole blanche (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Matthiola

Characteristics

Biennials or perennials, rarely annuals; usually densely tomentose. Stems erect, (1-) 2.5-6(-9) dm, (unbranched or branched distally), often tomentose. Basal leaves often in vegetative rosettes. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate or sessile; blade linear-oblanceolate, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate, (2.5-) 4-16(-22) cm × (5-)8-18(-25) mm (smaller distally), base attenuate to cuneate, margins usually entire or repand, rarely sinuate. Fruiting pedicels ascending, straight or slightly curved, (6-)10-20(-25) mm, thinner than fruit. Flowers: sepals linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 10-15 × 2-3 mm; petals purple, violet, pink, or white, obovate to ovate, 20-30 × 7-15 mm, claw 10-17 mm (margin not crisped), apex rounded or emarginate; filaments 5-8 mm; anthers 3-4 mm. Fruits divaricate-ascending to suberect, latiseptate, (4-)6-12(-15) cm × (3-)4-6 mm; valves densely pubescent; style 1-5 mm; stigma without horns. Seeds orbicular or nearly so, 2.5-3.2 mm diam.; wing 0.2-0.5 mm. 2n = 14.
More
A cabbage family herb. It is a robust plant which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 50 cm high and spreads 30 cm wide. It is woody at the base. The leaf scars are easy to see. The leaves are crowded near the ends of the branches. The lower leaves have leaf stalks but the upper leaves do not. The leaf blade is narrow and sword shaped. It is 3-12 cm long and entire. It has dense hairs over it. The flowers have a sweet scent. The sepals are narrow and 9-13 mm long. They are densely hairy outside. The petals are oval and 2.5 cm long. They are pink, mauve or white. The fruit have lobes 2-3 mm long. The pods are narrow and flattened. They are 4.5-13 cm long. The seeds are 3 mm long.
Perennial. Stems hairy, branched, stout, erect, woody, to 80 cm tall, bearing conspicuous lf base scars below. Lvs tufted at branch tips, lanceolate, obtuse, entire, sinuate or shallowly pinnatifid, densely tomentose, glaucous, cuneate at base, (3)-8-15-(30) × (0.5)-1-2-(4) cm. Racemes 15-20-(30) cm long; pedicels erecto-patent, 1-2 cm long. Fls fragrant, opening by day. Sepals densely hairy, 9-13 × 1.5-2.5 mm. Petals pink to purple, 18-25 × 5-10 mm. Silique flattened, 50-120 × 3-5 mm; stigma lobes 1.5-2 mm long, dorsally swollen but not horned; valves densely hairy. Seeds circular, brown, flattened, broadly winged, 2-3 mm diam.
Perennial herb 10–80 cm tall, stout, woody at base, densely tomentose; hairs stellate and glandular. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, rarely sinuate-pinnatifid; lower leaves petiolate; upper leaves subsessile. Sepals 9–13 mm long. Petals 20–30 mm long, purple, pink or white. Stigmatic lobes with inconspicuous dorsal processes to 3 mm long. Siliqua linear, 45–160 mm long, 3–5 mm wide; valves compressed with one prominent midvein, tomentose; glandular hairs absent; pedicels erect to spreading, 1–2.5 mm long. Seeds ovate, 2.5–3 mm long, compressed, winged.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.68
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It does best in full sun. It can grow in an average, well drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 8-11.
More
Sea cliffs and as an escape from cultivation, avoiding acid soils. Rocky and sandy places by the sea.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-8
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The highly fragrant flowers are eaten as a vegetable or used in sweet desserts. The pods are also edible.
Uses dye environmental use medicinal
Edible flowers leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antidotes (seed), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Appetite stimulants (seed), Diuretics (seed), Expectorants (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Diuretic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed ars scattered on the soil surface and raked lightly to loosely cover with soil. Plants are spaced 15-20 cm apart.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Matthiola incana habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Matthiola incana leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana leaf picture by Elisa Palermo (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana leaf picture by Guy Titren (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Matthiola incana flower picture by Marco Elerdini (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana flower picture by NICOLAS VERON (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Matthiola incana fruit picture by Chunky3869 (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana fruit picture by Gilles Istin (cc-by-sa)
Matthiola incana fruit picture by Gilles Istin (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Matthiola incana world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, Cyprus, France, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286910-1
WFO ID wfo-0000368988
COL ID 7374F
BDTFX ID 75476
INPN ID 107495
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Matthiola simplicicaulis Matthiola incana Matthiola graeca Matthiola patens Matthiola arborescens Matthiola fasciculata Matthiola fenestralis Matthiola crucigera Mathiolaria annua Mathiolaria glabrata Matthiola stephanos-mariae Matthiola vulgaris Microstigma incanum Cheiranthus albus Cheiranthus fenestralis Cheiranthus glaber Cheiranthus glaberrimus Hesperis incana Hesperis violaria Cheiranthus annuus Cheiranthus arborescens Cheiranthus coccineus Cheiranthus graecus Cheiranthus hortensis Cheiranthus incanus Hesperis fasciculata Hesperis fenestralis Matthiola masguindali Matthiola glabra Hesperis aestiva Mathiolaria incana Matthiola glabrata Leucoium incanum Cheiranthus viridis Matthiola annua Matthiola incana subsp. incana

Lower taxons

Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris Matthiola incana subsp. pulchella Matthiola incana subsp. melitensis